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a.
Bình phương 2 vế, BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c^2+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge6\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2}=a+b\)
Tương tự cộng lại:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c^2+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b.
\(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+2a+3}=\sum\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+1+2a+2}\le\sum\dfrac{a+1}{4a+2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{4a+2}\le1\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{4a+4}{4a+2}\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{2a+1}\ge1\)
Đúng đo: \(\dfrac{1}{2a+1}+\dfrac{1}{2b+1}+\dfrac{1}{2c+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)+3}=1\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)
\(a+c\ge2\sqrt{ac}\)
Do đó: \(2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\)
hay \(a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{cb}+\sqrt{ac}\)
a)Áp dụng AM-GM có:
\(a\sqrt{b-1}\le a.\dfrac{b-1+1}{2}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
\(b\sqrt{a-1}\le b.\dfrac{a-1+1}{2}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le ab\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=2
b)Áp dụng bđt bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bd}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{d}\right)^2\)\(\le\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{d}\right)^2\right]=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bd}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{d}}\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\)
\(b,\) Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{d}\right)^2\right]\\ \ge\left(\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bd}\right)^2\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\)
\(a,\sqrt{22-12\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{6+4\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\left(3\sqrt{2}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\\ =3\sqrt{2}-2+2+\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{2}\\ b,\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{n-n-1}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{-1}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
a) \(\sqrt{22-12\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{6+4\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(3\sqrt{2}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=3\sqrt{2}-2+2+\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{2}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1-n}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
a ĐKXĐ \(a\ge0,a\ne\dfrac{1}{4},a\ne1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1+\left(\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}+a\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{2\sqrt{a}-1}\)
= \(1+\left(\dfrac{\left(-1\right)\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{2\sqrt{a}-1}\)
= \(1+\left(-1+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\sqrt{a}\)
= \(1-\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}+a}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}+a\right)+a\sqrt{a}+a}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{1-a\sqrt{a}+a\sqrt{a}+a}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{a+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}\)
b Xét hiệu \(P-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{a+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{3a+3-2a-2\sqrt{a}-2}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{a-2\sqrt{a}+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{a+\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}>0\) \(\Rightarrow P>\dfrac{2}{3}\)
c Ta có \(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{6}+1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{6}+1}\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+1\right)=\sqrt{6}\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1\right)\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{6}+a+\sqrt{6}+1=a\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{6a}+\sqrt{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\sqrt{6a}+1=0\Leftrightarrow a-\sqrt{6a}+\dfrac{6}{4}-\dfrac{2}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+1}{2}\\\sqrt{a}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(L\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) (Do \(\sqrt{a}\ge0\)) \(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{6}+1\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{7+2\sqrt{6}}{4}\left(TM\right)\)
Vậy...
a)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\)
\(\le2\cdot\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le6\Rightarrow VT\le\sqrt{6}=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
b)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}}}+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c+Σ\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}}\right)\)
\(=3\left(6+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}\right)\)
Đặt \(A^2=\left(\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)\)
\(=3\left(6+\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)\)
Đặt tiếp: \(B^2=\left(\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)^2\)
\(\le2\cdot\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\le36\Rightarrow B\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\le3\left(6+\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)\le3\cdot12=36\Rightarrow A\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le3\left(6+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}\right)\)
\(\le3\left(6+6\right)=3\cdot12=36\Rightarrow VT\le6=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
Cần cm:
\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c}\\ \Leftrightarrow a+b=a+b+2c+2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow2c+2\sqrt{ab+ac+bc+c^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2c+2\sqrt{c^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2c+2\left|c\right|=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2c-2c=0\left(c< 0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow0=0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Vậy đẳng thức đc cm
a) \(\sqrt{a}+1>\sqrt{a+1}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+2\sqrt{a}+1>a+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\sqrt{a}>0\)( luôn đúng \(\forall x>0\) )
b) \(a-1< a\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\sqrt{a-1}< \sqrt{a}\)
c) \(\left(\sqrt{6}-1\right)^2=6-2\sqrt{6}+1>3-2\sqrt{3.2}+2=\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
do \(\sqrt{6}-1>0;\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}>0\) nên \(\sqrt{6}-1>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\) ( đpcm )