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\(a^3+a\ge2a^2\) ; \(b^3+b\ge2b^2\); \(c^3+c\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+ab+ac+bc\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+ac+bc-3\)
Mặt khác
\(P=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+ac+bc-3=\frac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\)
\(P=\frac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+\frac{3}{2}=6\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+ab+ac+bc\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)(1)
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^3\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^3+3\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^3-\left(a-c\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-b+b-c\right)^3-\left(a-c\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b+b-c\right)\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
Ta có: \(a-b+b-c+c-a\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge9abc+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)(2)
Từ (1), (2) ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc+\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Chứng minh : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge3\left(x^3y+y^3z+z^3x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\left(x^2-y^2-xy-xz+2yz\right)^2+\left(y^2-z^2-yz-xy+2xz\right)^2+\left(z^2-x^2-xz-yz+2xy\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{ab+1}=a-\dfrac{a^2b}{ab+1}\ge a-\dfrac{a^2b}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\dfrac{\sqrt{a^3b}}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{bc+1}\ge b-\dfrac{\sqrt{b^3c}}{2};\dfrac{c}{ca+1}\ge c-\dfrac{\sqrt{c^3a}}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{b^3c}+\sqrt{c^3a}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+a^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\\3+b^2\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\3+c^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\\\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}\le\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1) , (2) , (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si dạng \(2\sqrt{xy}\le x+y\) cho các căn thức ở mẫu, khi đó ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\ge\) với biểu thức
\(\dfrac{2a}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{2b}{3a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{2c}{3a+3b+2c}\)
Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{2a}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{2b}{3a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{2c}{3a+3b+2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2a+3b+3c\\y=3a+2b+3c\\z=3a+3b+2c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3y+3z-5x\right)\\2b=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3z+3x-5y\right)\\2c=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3x+3y-5z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó đẳng thức trên được viết lại thành:
\(\dfrac{3y+3z-5x}{4x}+\dfrac{3z+3x-5y}{4y}+\dfrac{3x+3y-5z}{4z}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Hay: \(3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)-15\ge3\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối cùng luôn đúng theo bất đẳng thức Cô si.
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(x=\sqrt{a};y=\sqrt{b};z=\sqrt{c}\)
Khi đó bđt đã tro chở thành:
\(\dfrac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2+3xy}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{zx}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{xy}{z^2+3xy}\ge1-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+3xy}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT-VP=a^3+b^3+c^3+ab+bc+ca-6\ge a^3+b^3+c^3-ab-bc-ca\) (Giải thích:\(-6\ge-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+ab+bc+ca-6\ge a^3+b^3+c^3-ab-bc-ca\))
Ta lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-ab-bc-ca\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\right]^2}{3}-3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow VT-VP\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge6\)
Nếu có không đúng thì nhớ nói nhe chớ đừng có k sai tui giống mấy lần trước nhe :(
Bài ở dưới mình nhầm nhe.
Update
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{3}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}+\frac{9}{2}=6\)