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\(ab>2018a+2019b\Rightarrow1>\frac{2018}{b}+\frac{2019}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow1>\frac{\sqrt{2018}^2}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{2019}^2}{a}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}\right)^2}{b+a}\) (Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(\Rightarrow a+b>\left(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}\right)^2\)
Từ hệ phương trình \(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{x-2019}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-2018}-\sqrt{y-2019}\right)=2\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{x-2019}\le\sqrt{\left(x-2018\right)-\left(x-2019\right)}=1\) Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = 2019
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{y-2018}-\sqrt{y-2019}\le1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi y = 2019
Nên: \(\left(\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{x-2019}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-2018}-\sqrt{y-2019}\right)\le2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2019\\y=2019\end{matrix}\right.\)
Kết luận nghiệm pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2019\\y=2019\end{matrix}\right.\)
1)
DKCĐ: a>0,\(a\ne1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{1-a^2}-1+a}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{1-a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}+\sqrt{1-a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{1+a+1-a+2\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}}{\left(1+a\right)-\left(1-a\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\)\(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1\right)}{2a}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1}{a}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}-1\right)}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)-1}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{1-a^2-1}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{-a^2}{a^2}\\ =-1\)
\(x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2019\sqrt{2019}+2018\sqrt{2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y.\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)^2=2018+\sqrt{2019}\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\left(4037-2\sqrt{2019.2018}\right)=4037-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037.y-4037=2y\sqrt{2019.2018}-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037y-4037=\left(2y-1\right).\sqrt{2019.2018}\)(1)
Do \(x;y\) hữu tỉ \(\Rightarrow x+4037y-4037\) và \(2y-1\) đều là số hữu tỉ
Mà \(\sqrt{2019.2018}\) là số vô tỉ
\(\Rightarrow\)đẳng thức (1) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=0\\x+4037y-4037=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4037}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
giải phương trình:\(\left(1+\sqrt{x^2+2020x}+2019\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2019}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=2018\)