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A = xy + y - 2x - 2
= y( x + 1 ) - 2( x + 1 )
= ( x + 1 )( y - 2 )
B = x2 - 3x + xy - 3y
= x( x - 3 ) + y( x - 3 )
= ( x - 3 )( x + y )
C = 3x2 - 3xy - 5x + 5y
= 3x( x - y ) - 5( x - y )
= ( x - y )( 3x - 5 )
D = xy + 1 + x + y
= y( x + 1 ) + ( x + 1 )
= ( x + 1 )( y + 1 )
E = ax - bx + ab - x2
= ( ax - x2 ) + ( ab - bx )
= x( a - x ) + b( a - x )
= ( a - x )( x + b )
F = x2 + ab + ax + bx
= ( ax + x2 ) + ( ab + bx )
= x( a + x ) + b( a + x )
= ( a + x )( x + b )
G = a3 - a2x - ay + xy
= a2( a - x ) - y( a - x )
= ( a - x )( a2 - y )
Bonus : = ( a - x )[ a2 - ( √y )2 ]
= ( a - x )( a - √y )( a + √y )
H = 2xy + 3z + 6y + xz
= ( 6y + 2xy ) + ( 3z + xz )
= 2y( 3 + x ) + z( 3 + x )
= ( 3 + x )( 2y + z )
A = xy + y - 2x - 2 = y(x + 1) - 2(x + 1) = (y - 2)(x + !1
B = x2 - 3x + xy - 3y = x(x - 3) + y(x - 3) = (x + y)(x - 3)
C = 3x2 - 3xy - 5x + 5y = 3x(x - y) - 5(x - y) = (3x - 5)(x - y)
D = xy + 1 + x + y = xy + x + y + 1 = x(y + 1) + (y + 1) = (x + 1)(y + 1)
E = ax - bx + ab - x2 = ax - x2 + ab - bx = a(a - x) - b(a - x) = (a - b)(a - x)
F = x2 + ab + ax + bx = ab + ax + bx + x2 = a(b + x) + x(b + x) = (a + x)(b + x)
G = a3 - a2x - ay + xy = a2(a - x) - y(a - x) = (a2 - y)(a - x)
H = 2xy + 3z + 6y + xz = 2xy + 6y + 3z + xz = 2y(x + 3) + z(x + 3) = (2y + z)(x + 3)
\(a,xy+1-x-y\)
\(=\left(xy-y\right)+\left(1-x\right)\)
\(=y\left(x-1\right)- \left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\)
\(b,ax+ay-3x-3y\)
\(=a\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(a-3\right)\)
\(c,x^3-2x^2+2x-4\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
\(d,x^2+ab+ax+bx\)
\(=\left(x^2+ax\right)+\left(ab+bx\right)\)
\(=x\left(a+x\right)+b\left(a+x\right)\)
\(=\left(a+x\right)\left(b+x\right)\)
\(e,16-x^2+2xy-y^2\)
\(=4^2-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=4^2-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(4-x+y\right)\left(4+x-y\right)\)
a) \(xy+1-x-y\)
\(=x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(y-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
b) \(ax+ay-3x-3y\)
\(=a\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(a-3\right)\)
c) \(x^3-2x^2+2x-4\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\)
d) \(x^2+ab+ax+bx\)
\(=x\left(b+x\right)+a\left(b+x\right)\)
\(=\left(b+x\right)\left(a+x\right)\)
e) \(16-x^2+2xy-y^2\)
\(=16-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=4^2-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(4-x+y\right)\left(4+x-y\right)\)
f) \(ax^2+ax-bx^2-bx-a+b\)
\(=\left(ax^2+ax-a\right)-\left(bx^2+bx-b\right)\)
\(=a\left(x^2+x-1\right)-b\left(x^2+x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
a. \(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)( đpcm )
áp dụng BĐT (a - b)² ≥ 0 → a² + b² ≥ 2ab ta có:
x² + y² ≥ 2xy
x² + 1 ≥ 2x
y² + z² ≥ 2yz
y² + 1 ≥ 2y
z² + x² ≥ 2xz
z² + 1 ≥ 2z
Cộng theo vế → 3(x² + y² + z²) + 3 ≥ 2(x + y + z + xy + yz + zx) = 2.6 = 12
→ x² + y² + z² ≥ 9/3 = 3
→ đpcm (dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1)
Bài 1:
Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng).
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)(1)
Sử dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta được:
\(x^2+1\ge2x;\)\(y^2+1\ge2y;\)\(z^2+1\ge2z\)
Cộng theo vế: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)(2)
Cộng (1) với (2) theo vế: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Thay \(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx=6\)
Suy ra: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge12\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\)(đpcm).
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3=a^3\left(a-b\right)+b^3\left(b-a\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right).\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Suy ra \(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)(1)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có: \(a^4+b^4\ge2\sqrt{a^4b^4}=2a^2b^2\)(2)
Cộng (1) với (2) theo vế, ta được:
\(2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge ab^3+a^3b+2a^2b^2\)(đpcm).