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a) \(\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{25-16}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{9}\\b^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot16=\dfrac{16}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5}{3};b=\dfrac{4}{3}\\a=\dfrac{-5}{3};b=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{4}{3}\right);\left(-\dfrac{5}{3};-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\right\}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=4.4=16\\b^2=4.9=36\\c^2=4,16=64\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4;=6;c=8\\a=-4;b=-6;c=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy (a;b;c) \(\in\left\{\left(4;6;8\right);\left(-4;-6;-8\right)\right\}\)
Sửa \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=k\Rightarrow a=2k;b=3k;c=4k\)
\(a^2-b^2+2c^2=108\\ \Rightarrow4k^2-9k^2+32k^2=108\\ \Rightarrow27k^2=108\Rightarrow k^2=4\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=2\\k=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4;y=6;z=8\\x=-4;y=-6;z=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=\dfrac{a^2}{2^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{3^2}=\dfrac{2c^2}{2.4^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}\)
Áp dụng tcdtsbn , ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=8\\b=12\\c=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
Ta có:
Mà nên a, b và c cùng dấu.
Vậy ta tìm được các số a1 = 4; b1 = 6; c1 = 8 hoặc a2 = -4; b2 = -6 và c2 = -8
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{3b^2}{27}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2+3b^2-2c^2}{4+27-32}=\dfrac{-16}{-1}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=64\\b^2=144\\c^2=256\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\pm8\\b=\pm12\\c=\pm16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b;c\right)\in\left\{\left(8;12;16\right),\left(-8;-12;-16\right)\right\}\)
Cách khác:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k\\b=3k\\c=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(a^2+3b^2-2c^2=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4k^2+27k^2-32k^2=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2=16\)
Trường hợp 1: k=4
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k=8\\b=3k=12\\c=4k=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2: k=-4
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k=-8\\b=3k=-12\\c=4k=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)
10. a) Ta có : (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2). Do (a – b)\(^2\) ≥ 0, nên (a + b)\(^2\) ≤ 2(a2 + b2).
b) Xét : (a + b + c)\(^2\) + (a – b)\(^2\) + (a – c)\(^2\) + (b – c)\(^2\)
. Khai triển và rút gọn, ta được : 3(a\(^2\) + b\(^2\) + c\(^2\)).
Vậy : (a + b + c)\(^2\) ≤ 3( a\(^2\) + b\(^2\) + c\(^2\)).
Cách khác : Biến đổi tương đương
a, \(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
b, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng)
\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)
\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{3b+5d}{3a+5c}=\dfrac{3b+5d}{3bk+3dk}=\dfrac{1}{k}\)
\(\dfrac{b-2d}{a-2c}=\dfrac{b-2d}{bk-2dk}=\dfrac{1}{k}\)
=>\(\dfrac{3b+5d}{3a+5c}=\dfrac{b-2d}{a-2c}\)
b: \(\dfrac{ab}{a^2-b^2}=\dfrac{bk\cdot b}{b^2k^2-b^2}=\dfrac{k}{k^2-1}\)
\(\dfrac{cd}{c^2-d^2}=\dfrac{dk\cdot d}{d^2k^2-d^2}=\dfrac{k}{k^2-1}\)
=>ab/a^2-b^2=cd/c^2-d^2
c: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{\left(bk+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{k^2+1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2+d^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{d^2k^2+d^2}{\left(dk+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{k^2+1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{c^2+d^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{5}\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{3b}{5}\)
Khi đó:
\(b^2-a^2=36\Leftrightarrow b^2-\dfrac{9b^2}{25}=36\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16b^2}{25}=36\Leftrightarrow b^2=\dfrac{225}{4}\Leftrightarrow b=\dfrac{\pm15}{2}\)
Với \(b=\dfrac{15}{2}\) suy ra: \(a=\dfrac{3b}{5}=\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{15}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Với \(b=\dfrac{-15}{2}\) suy ra: \(a=\dfrac{3b}{5}=\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{-15}{2}=\dfrac{-9}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{4}=\frac{b^2}{9}=\frac{2c^2}{32}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{4}=\frac{b^2}{9}=\frac{2c^2}{32}=\frac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\frac{108}{27}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a^2=4.4=16\\b^2=4.9=36\\c^2=4.32:2=64\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a\in\left\{4;-4\right\}\\b\in\left\{6;-6\right\}\\c\in\left\{8;-8\right\}\end{cases}\)
Vậy các cặp giá trị a;b;c tương ứng thỏa mãn đề bài là: \(\begin{cases}a=4\\b=6\\c=8\end{cases}\); \(\begin{cases}a=-4\\b=-6\\c=-8\end{cases}\)
Giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{4}=\frac{b^2}{9}=\frac{c^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{4}=\frac{b^2}{9}=\frac{c^2}{16}=\frac{2c^2}{32}=\frac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\frac{108}{27}=4\)
+) \(\frac{a^2}{4}=4\Rightarrow a^2=16\Rightarrow a=\pm4\)
+) \(\frac{b^2}{9}=4\Rightarrow b^2=36\Rightarrow b=\pm6\)
+) \(\frac{2c^2}{32}=4\Rightarrow c^2=64\Rightarrow c=\pm8\)
Vậy bộ số \(\left(a;b;c\right)\) là \(\left(4;6;8\right);\left(-4;-6;-8\right)\)
a/2 = b/3 = c/4 =>a^2/4 = b^2/9 =2c^2/32
Áp dụng dãy tỉ số bằng nau ta có :
a^2/4 = b^2/9 = 2c^2/32 = a^2-b^2+2c^2/4-9+32 = 108/27 = 4
=> a= 4.2 = 8
=> b = 4.3 = 12
=> c = 4.4 = 16
khó quá