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Ta có: \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{20}-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{20}-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{10}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{20}-1-\dfrac{1}{2}-...-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}\)
Vậy \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}=\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007^2}< \dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{2006.2007}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{2006}-\dfrac{1}{2007}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2007}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007^2}< \dfrac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy...
a , \(\left(\dfrac{-2}{3}+1\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right):\dfrac{-24}{10}\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{-2}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right):\dfrac{-12}{5}\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{-8}{12}+\dfrac{15}{12}-\dfrac{2}{12}\right)\cdot\dfrac{-5}{12}\)
=\(\dfrac{5}{12}\cdot\dfrac{-5}{12}=\dfrac{-25}{144}\)
b , \(\dfrac{13}{15}\cdot0,25\cdot3+\left(\dfrac{8}{15}-1\dfrac{19}{60}\right)1\dfrac{23}{24}\)
=\(\dfrac{13}{15}\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot3+\left(\dfrac{8}{15}-\dfrac{79}{60}\right)\cdot\dfrac{57}{24}\)
=\(\dfrac{13}{20}-\dfrac{47}{60}\cdot\dfrac{57}{24}\)
=\(\dfrac{13}{20}-\dfrac{893}{480}=\dfrac{312}{480}-\dfrac{893}{480}=\dfrac{-581}{480}\)
c , \(\left(\dfrac{12}{32}+\dfrac{5}{-20}-\dfrac{10}{24}\right):\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{180}{480}-\dfrac{120}{480}-\dfrac{200}{480}\right)\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\)
= \(\dfrac{-7}{24}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{-7}{16}\)
d , \(4\dfrac{1}{2}:\left(2,5-3\dfrac{3}{4}\right)+\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{9}{2}:\left(\dfrac{5}{2}-\dfrac{15}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=\(\dfrac{9}{2}:\dfrac{-5}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-4}{5}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{-18}{5}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{-41}{10}\)
e , \(\dfrac{-5}{2}:\left(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{-5}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{2}{4}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{-5}{2}:\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{-5}{2}\cdot4=-10\)
2) Tinh nhanh:
a) \(\dfrac{5}{23}\) . \(\dfrac{17}{26}\) + \(\dfrac{5}{23}\) . \(\dfrac{10}{26}\) - \(\dfrac{5}{23}\)
= \(\dfrac{5}{23}\) . \(\left(\dfrac{17}{26}+\dfrac{10}{26}-1\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{5}{23}\) . \(\left(\dfrac{27}{26}-1\right)\) = \(\dfrac{5}{23}\) . \(\dfrac{1}{26}\)
= \(\dfrac{5}{598}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{7}.\dfrac{5}{9}+\dfrac{5}{9}.\dfrac{2}{7}+\dfrac{5}{9}.\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{5}{9}.\dfrac{3}{7}\)
= \(\dfrac{5}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{2}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{3}{7}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{5}{9}\) . 1= \(\dfrac{5}{9}\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};....;\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}=1+1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}=2-\dfrac{1}{100}< 2\)
Vậy A < 2
Bài 3:
D = \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)....\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2015}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}......\dfrac{2014}{2015}\)
\(=\dfrac{1.2......2014}{2.3......2015}=\dfrac{1}{2015}\)
Bài 4:
A = \(\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{15}{16}......\dfrac{899}{900}\)
\(=\dfrac{1.3}{2.2}.\dfrac{2.4}{3.3}.\dfrac{3.5}{4.4}........\dfrac{29.31}{30.30}\)
\(=\dfrac{1.2.3......29}{2.3.4.......30}.\dfrac{3.4.5......31}{2.3.4.....30}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{30}.\dfrac{31}{2}=\dfrac{31}{60}\)
Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{2}{48}+\dfrac{3}{47}+...+\dfrac{48}{2}+\dfrac{49}{1}\)
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{49}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{2}{48}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{3}{47}\right)+...+\left(1+\dfrac{48}{2}\right)+1\)
\(P=\dfrac{50}{49}+\dfrac{50}{48}+\dfrac{50}{47}+...+\dfrac{50}{2}+\dfrac{50}{50}\)
\(P=50\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{S}{P}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}}{50\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{50}\)
Bài 1:
a) \(\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot x-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot x=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot x=\dfrac{7}{20}\)
\(x=\dfrac{7}{20}:\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(x=\dfrac{7}{8}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{7}{8}\).
b) \(\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{24}{x}\)
\(x=\dfrac{5\cdot24}{3}\)
\(x=40\)
Vậy \(x=40\).
c) \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=16\)
\(\left(2x-3\right)^2=4^2\)
\(\circledast\)TH1: \(2x-3=4\\ 2x=4+3\\ 2x=7\\ x=\dfrac{7}{2}\)
\(\circledast\)TH2: \(2x-3=-4\\ 2x=-4+3\\ 2x=-1\\ x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{\dfrac{7}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2}\right\}\).
Bài 2:
a) \(25\%-4\dfrac{2}{5}+0.3:\dfrac{6}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{22}{5}+\dfrac{3}{10}:\dfrac{6}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{22}{5}+\dfrac{3}{10}\cdot\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{22}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{20}-\dfrac{88}{20}+\dfrac{5}{20}\)
\(=\dfrac{5-88+5}{20}\)
\(=\dfrac{78}{20}=\dfrac{39}{10}\)
b) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{5^2}\cdot5+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{25}\cdot5+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{30}-\dfrac{6}{30}+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{5-6+1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=0\cdot\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=0\)
Bài 3:
a) \(\dfrac{4}{19}\cdot\dfrac{-3}{7}+\dfrac{-3}{7}\cdot\dfrac{15}{19}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{7}\left(\dfrac{4}{19}+\dfrac{15}{19}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{7}\cdot1\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{7}\)
b) \(7\dfrac{5}{9}-\left(2\dfrac{3}{4}+3\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{68}{9}-\dfrac{11}{4}-\dfrac{32}{9}\)
\(=\dfrac{68}{9}-\dfrac{32}{9}-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=4-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{16}{4}-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Bài 4:
\(\dfrac{4}{12\cdot14}+\dfrac{4}{14\cdot16}+\dfrac{4}{16\cdot18}+...+\dfrac{4}{58\cdot60}\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{12\cdot14}+\dfrac{1}{14\cdot16}+\dfrac{1}{16\cdot18}+...+\dfrac{1}{58\cdot60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{14}-\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{58}-\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{5}{60}-\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\cdot\dfrac{1}{15}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{15}\)