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a) Với \({x_0}\) bất kì, ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^3} - x_0^3}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2} \right) = 3x_0^2\)
Vậy hàm số \(y = {x^3}\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = 3{x^2}\)
b) \(y' = \left( {{x^n}} \right)' = n{x^{n - 1}}\)
Xét \(\Delta x\) là số gia của biến số tại điểm x
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\Delta y = f\left( {x + \Delta x} \right) - f\left( x \right) = {\left( {x + \Delta x} \right)^3} - {x^3} = \left( {x + \Delta x - x} \right)\left[ {x{{\left( {x + \Delta x} \right)}^2} + x.\left( {x + \Delta x} \right) + {x^2}} \right]\\ = \Delta x\left( {{x^2} + 2x.\Delta x + {{\left( {\Delta x} \right)}^2} + {x^2} + x.\Delta x + {x^2}} \right) = \Delta x.\left( {3{x^2} + {{\left( {\Delta x} \right)}^2} + 3x.\Delta x} \right)\\ \Rightarrow \frac{{\Delta y}}{{\Delta x}} = 3{x^2} + {\left( {\Delta x} \right)^2} + 3x.\Delta x\end{array}\)
Ta thấy:
\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\Delta y}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \left( {3{x^2} + {{\left( {\Delta x} \right)}^2} + 3x.\Delta x} \right) = 3{x^2}\\ \Rightarrow f'\left( x \right) = 3{x^2}\end{array}\)
a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( { - {x^2}} \right) - \left( { - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - \left( {{x^2} - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - \left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {x + {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( { - x - {x_0}} \right) = - {x_0} - {x_0} = - 2{{\rm{x}}_0}\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( { - {x^2}} \right)^\prime } = - 2x\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
b) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}}} \right) - \left( {x_0^3 - 2{{\rm{x}}_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}} - x_0^3 + 2{{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {{x^3} - x_0^3} \right) - 2\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2} \right) - 2\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2} \right) = x_0^2 + {x_0}.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2 = 3{\rm{x}}_0^2 - 2\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( {{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)^\prime } = 3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
c) Với bất kì \({x_0} \ne 0\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{4}{x} - \frac{4}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{4{x_0} - 4x}}{{x{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{4{x_0} - 4x}}{{x{x_0}\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 4\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x{x_0}\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 4}}{{x{{\rm{x}}_0}}} = \frac{{ - 4}}{{{x_0}.{x_0}}} = - \frac{4}{{x_0^2}}\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( {\frac{4}{x}} \right)^\prime } = - \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}\) trên các khoảng \(\left( { - \infty ;0} \right)\) và \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).
1. Áp dụng quy tắc L'Hopital
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{f\left(0\right)-f\left(x\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x+1}}}{-f'\left(0\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
2.
\(g'\left(x\right)=2x.f'\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\f'\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\sqrt{x^2+4}=1\\\sqrt{x^2+4}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2 pt cuối đều vô nghiệm nên \(g'\left(x\right)=0\) có đúng 1 nghiệm
1a.
\(y'=3x^2.f'\left(x^3\right)-2x.g'\left(x^2\right)\)
b.
\(y'=\dfrac{3f^2\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)+3g^2\left(x\right).g'\left(x\right)}{2\sqrt{f^3\left(x\right)+g^3\left(x\right)}}\)
2.
\(f'\left(x\right)=\left(m-1\right)x^3+\left(m-2\right)x^2-2mx+3=0\)
Để ý rằng tổng hệ số của vế trái bằng 1 nên pt luôn có nghiệm \(x=1\), sử dụng lược đồ Hooc-ne ta phân tích được:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(m-1\right)x^2+\left(2m-3\right)x-3\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left(m-1\right)x^2+\left(2m-3\right)x-3=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1), với \(m=1\Rightarrow x=-3\)
- Với \(m\ne1\Rightarrow\Delta=\left(2m-3\right)^2+12\left(m-1\right)=4m^2-3\)
Nếu \(\left|m\right|< \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\Rightarrow\) (1) vô nghiệm \(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=0\) có đúng 1 nghiệm
Nếu \(\left|m\right|>\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) có 2 nghiệm \(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=0\) có 3 nghiệm
Hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = 2{x^3} + x + 1\) xác định trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
Ta có: \(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \left( {2{x^3} + x + 1} \right) = {2.2^3} + 2 + 1 = 17\\f\left( 2 \right) = {2.2^3} + 2 + 1 = 17\\ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} f\left( x \right) = f\left( 2 \right)\end{array}\)
Do đó hàm số liên tục tại x = 2.
1/ L'Hospital:
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow6}f'\left(x\right)=f'\left(6\right)=2\)
3/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{3x+3}}}{1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow2a-b=0\)
4/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2f\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)-f'\left(x\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}}=\dfrac{2.6.5-5}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=110\)
2/ \(x_0=-3\Rightarrow y_0=\dfrac{-3-1}{-3+2}=\dfrac{-4}{-1}=4\)
\(y'=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)'\left(x+2\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)'}{\left(x+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{x+2-x+1}{\left(x+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'\left(-3\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow pttt:y=3\left(x+3\right)+4=3x+13\)
\(x=0\Rightarrow y=13;y=0\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{13}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left|x\right|\left|y\right|=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{13}{3}.13=\dfrac{169}{6}\left(dvdt\right)\)
P/s: Câu 5,6 bỏ qua nhé, toi ngu hình học :b
a) Với \({x_0}\) bất kì, ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^3} + {x^2} - x_0^3 - x_0^2}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2} \right) + \left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {x + {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2 + x + {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( {{x^2} + x{x_0} + x_0^2 + x + {x_0}} \right) = 3x_0^2 + 2{x_0}\end{array}\)
Vậy hàm số \(y = {x^3} + {x^2}\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = 3{x^2} + 2x\)
b) \({\left( {{x^3}} \right)^,} + {\left( {{x^2}} \right)^,} = 3{x^2} + 2x\)
Do đó \(\left( {{x^3} + {x^2}} \right)'\) = \(\left( {{x^3}} \right)' + \left( {{x^2}} \right)'.\)