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Biến đổi tương đương :
\(\left|a-b\right|+\left|b-c\right|+\left|c-a\right|\ge\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left|a-b\right|+4\left|b-c\right|+4\left|c-a\right|\ge\sqrt{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left|a-b\right|+4\left|b-c\right|+4\left|c-a\right|\ge\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(\left|a-b\right|=x;\left|b-c\right|=y;\left|c-a\right|=z\)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow4x+4y+4z\ge\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xy\right)\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15x^2+15y^2+15z^2+32xy+32yz+32xz\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(x;y;z\ge0\))
Vậy \(\left|a-b\right|+\left|b-c\right|+\left|c-a\right|\ge\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
Lời giải:
Sử dụng một hệ quả quen thuộc:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\) \((1)\)
BĐT luôn đúng vì tương đương với:\(\frac{(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2}{2}\geq 0\)
Ta sẽ cm \(ab+bc+ac\geq \sqrt{abc}(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})\) \((2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(ab+bc+ac)\geq 2\sqrt{abc}(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{ac})^2+(\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc})^2+(\sqrt{ac}-\sqrt{bc})^2\geq 0\)
(luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có \((2)\)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \sqrt{abc}(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta có
\(a^4+b^4+c^4-abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)-abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left[\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2-2a^2bc-2ab^2c-2abc^2\right]-a^2bc-ab^2c-abc^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2+4a^2bc+4ab^2c+4abc^2-a^2bc-ab^2c-abc^2\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right]^2-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2+abc\left(4a+4b+4c-a-b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^4-2\left(a+b+c\right)^2.2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2+abc\left(3a+3b+3c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^4-4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2+3abc\ge0\)
Ap dung BDt co si ta co
\(a^4+b^4\ge2a^2b^2\)
\(b^4+c^4\ge2b^2c^2\)
\(c^4+a^4\ge2a^2c^2\)
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)(1)
Lai co \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2\ge2ab^2c\)
\(b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge2abc^2\)
\(c^2a^2+a^2b^2\ge2a^2bc\)
=> \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)(2)
Từ (1) va (2) => \(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đặt ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩a+b−c=xb+c−a=yc+a−b=z(x,y,z>0){a+b−c=xb+c−a=yc+a−b=z(x,y,z>0)
⇒⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩a=z+x2b=x+y2c=y+z2⇒{a=z+x2b=x+y2c=y+z2
⇒√a(1b+c−a−1√bc)=√2(z+x)2(1y−2√(x+y)(y+z))≥√x+√z2(1y−2√xy+√yz)=√x+√z2y−1√y⇒a(1b+c−a−1bc)=2(z+x)2(1y−2(x+y)(y+z))≥x+z2(1y−2xy+yz)=x+z2y−1y
Tương tự
⇒∑√a(1b+c−a−1√bc)≥∑√x+√z2y−∑1√y⇒∑a(1b+c−a−1bc)≥∑x+z2y−∑1y
⇒VT≥∑[x√x(y+z)]2xyz−∑√xy√xyz≥2√xyz(x+y+z)2xyz−x+y+z√xyz≐x+y+z√xyz−x+y+z√xyz=0⇒VT≥∑[xx(y+z)]2xyz−∑xyxyz≥2xyz(x+y+z)2xyz−x+y+zxyz≐x+y+zxyz−x+y+zxyz=0
(∑√xy≤x+y+z,x√x(y+z)≥2x√xyz)(∑xy≤x+y+z,xx(y+z)≥2xxyz)
dấu = ⇔x=y=z⇔a=b=c
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM