Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
1.
C/m bổ đề: \(a^3-b^3\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a^3-b^3\right)\) với \(\forall a,b\in R,a\ge b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3-4b^3-\left(a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3+3a^2b-3ab^2-3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Theo bài ra: \(a^3-b^3\ge3a-3b-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) Cần c/m: \(\left(a-b\right)^3\ge12a-12b-16\)(1)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^3-12\left(a-b\right)+16\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^3-8\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)+4\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)-8\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)^2\left(a-b+4\right)\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b thỏa mãn \(a,b\in R,a\ge b\))
2.
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\frac{1}{\frac{c+d}{cd}}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{cd}{c+d}\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab\left(c+d\right)+cd\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\le\)\(\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc+abd+acd+bcd}{ac+ad+bc+bd}\le\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad+ab+bc+cd\right)\left(ac+ad+bc+bd\right)\ge\)\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(abc+abd+acd+bcd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad\right)^2-2abcd+\left(bc\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad-bc\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b,c,d>0)
Đặt P = ...
* Chứng minh P > 1/2 :
\(P\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)^2}{n+1+n+2+n+3+...+n+n}\)
Từ \(n+1\) đến \(n+n\) có n số => tổng \(\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+2\right)+\left(n+3\right)+...+\left(n+n\right)\) là:
\(\frac{n\left(n+n+n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge\frac{n^2}{\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}}=\frac{2n}{3n+1}\)
Mà \(n>1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(4n>3n+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n}{3n+1}>\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P>\frac{1}{2}\)
* Chứng minh P < 3/4 :
Có: \(\frac{1}{n+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{n+n}=\frac{1}{2n}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(n.\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{2}{4}< \frac{3}{4}\) ( do n>1 )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< \frac{3}{4}\)
3. a) \(A=x+\frac{1}{x-1}=x-1+\frac{1}{x-1}+1\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\cdot\frac{1}{x-1}}+1=3\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x-1=\frac{1}{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Min \(A=3\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=\frac{4}{x}+\frac{1}{4y}=\frac{4}{x}+4x+\frac{1}{4y}+4y\cdot-4\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{x}\cdot4x}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4y}\cdot4y}-4\cdot\frac{5}{4}=5\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{4}{x}=4x\\\frac{1}{4y}=4y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Min \(B=5\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Chắc đề là tìm min???
\(C=a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge a+b+\frac{4}{a+b}=a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{3}{a+b}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\cdot\frac{1}{a+b}}+\frac{3}{1}=5\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a+b=\frac{1}{a+b}\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Min \(C=5\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
1. Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) ta có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}+\frac{4}{2p-b-c}+\frac{4}{2p-a-c}\) \(=\frac{4}{c}+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
2. Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a\sqrt{b-1}=a\sqrt{\left(b-1\right)\cdot1}\le a\cdot\frac{b-1+1}{2}=\frac{ab}{2}\) . Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow b-1=1\Leftrightarrow b=2\)
+ Tương tự : \(b\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
Do đó: \(a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le ab\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)
Làm tạm một câu rồi đi chơi, lát làm cho.
4)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{1}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+....+\frac{1}{49.50.51}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-....-\frac{1}{50.51}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2550}\right)=\frac{637}{2550}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{49.50.51}\)
\(2A=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{2}{49.50.51}\)
ta có dạng tổng quát
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\) bạn quy đồng ra rồi tính nha
\(2A=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+.....+\frac{1}{49.50}-\frac{1}{50.51}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{50.51}\)
\(2A=\frac{637}{1275}\)
\(A=\frac{637}{2550}\)
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}35x-28y=21\\35x-45y=40\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}17y=-19\\5x-4y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{19}{17}\\x=-\dfrac{5}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=18\\\dfrac{10}{x}+\dfrac{8}{y}=102\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{11}{x}=120\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{120}\\y=-\dfrac{44}{39}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{30}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=3\\\dfrac{25}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x-1}=1\\\dfrac{10}{y-1}+\dfrac{1}{y+2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=5\\\dfrac{1}{y+2}+2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
d: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{135}{2x-y}+\dfrac{160}{x+3y}=35\\\dfrac{135}{2x-y}-\dfrac{144}{x+3y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=8\\2x-y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+6y=16\\2x-y=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(A=\frac{4\sin ^2a}{1-\cos ^2\frac{a}{2}}=\frac{4\sin ^2a}{\sin ^2\frac{a}{2}}=\frac{4(2\sin \frac{a}{2}\cos \frac{a}{2})^2}{\sin ^2\frac{a}{2}}=16\cos ^2\frac{a}{2}\)
b)
Sử dụng công thức: \(1-\cos 2a=2\sin ^2a; 1+\cos 2a=2\cos ^2a\) và \(\sin 2a=2\sin a\cos a\) ta có:
\(B=\frac{1+\cos a-\sin a}{1-\cos a-\sin a}=\frac{2\cos ^2\frac{a}{2}-2\sin \frac{a}{2}\cos \frac{a}{2}}{2\sin ^2\frac{a}{2}-2\sin \frac{a}{2}.\cos \frac{a}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\cos \frac{a}{2}(\cos \frac{a}{2}-\sin \frac{a}{2})}{2\sin \frac{a}{2}(\sin \frac{a}{2}-\cos \frac{a}{2})}\)
\(=\frac{-\cos \frac{a}{2}}{\sin \frac{a}{2}}=-\cot \frac{a}{2}\)
c) \(45-\frac{\pi}{2}\)??? sao đơn vị nó không thống nhất vậy?
Lời giải:
a)
\(\frac{\sin a}{1+\cos a}+\cot a=\frac{\sin a}{1+\cos a}+\frac{\cos a}{\sin a}=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos^2a+\cos a}{\sin a(1+\cos a)}\)
\(=\frac{1+\cos a}{\sin a(1+\cos a)}=\frac{1}{\sin a}\) (đpcm)
b)
\(\frac{1}{\cos a}-\frac{\cos a}{1+\sin a}=\frac{1+\sin a-\cos ^2a}{\cos a(1+\sin a)}=\frac{(1-\cos ^2a)+\sin a}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}\)
\(=\frac{\sin^2a+\sin a}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\sin a(\sin a+1)}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}=\tan a\) (đpcm)
c)
\(\frac{\tan a-\sin a}{\sin ^3a}=\frac{\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}-\sin a}{\sin ^3a}=\frac{\frac{1}{\cos a}-1}{\sin ^2a}=\frac{1-\cos a}{\cos a\sin ^2a}=\frac{1-\cos a}{\cos a(1-\cos ^2a)}=\frac{1}{\cos a(1+\cos a)}\)
d)
\(\frac{\sin a+\cos a-1}{\sin a-\cos a+1}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a-1)(\sin a+\cos a+1)}{(\sin a-\cos a+1)(\sin a+\cos a+1)}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)^2-1}{(\sin a+1)^2-\cos ^2a}\)
\(=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\sin ^2a+1+2\sin a-\cos ^2a}=\frac{1+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\sin ^2a+1+2\sin a-(1-\sin ^2a)}\)
\(=\frac{2\sin a\cos a}{2\sin ^2a+2\sin a}=\frac{2\sin a\cos a}{2\sin a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\cos a}{1+\sin a}\) (đpcm)
Mấu chốt trong các bài này là việc sử dụng công thức $\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a=1$
A=1/2{(1/1*2-1/2*3)+(1/2*3-1/3*4)+(1/3*4-1/4*5)+...+(1/18*19-1/19*20)}
=1/2{1/1*2-1/19*20}
=1/2*189/380
=189/760
vì 189/760<1/4
nên A=...<1/4