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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,36}{22,4}=\dfrac{59}{560}\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{59}{560}=\dfrac{59}{840}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{59}{840}.27}{50}.100\approx3,793\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx96,207\%\)
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
Gọi n Al = a ; n Fe = b ; n Mg = c
Ta có :
m muối = m kim loại + m Cl
=> m Cl = m + 30,53 - m = 30,53
=> n Cl = 0,86
Bảo toàn nguyên tố với Cl : 3a + 2b + 2c = 0,86(1)
n Cl2 = 0,04(mol)
$2FeCl_2 + Cl_2 \to 2FeCl_3$
=> n FeCl2 = b = 2n Cl2 = 0,08(2)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
m O(oxit) = 1,76 + m - m = 1,76
=> n O = 0,11
Dung dịch T gồm :
Al2(SO4)3 : 0,5a mol
Fe2(SO4)3 : 0,5b mol
MgSO4 : c mol
=> 0,5a.342 + 0,5b.400 + 120c = 57,1(3)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,1 ; b = 0,08 ; c = 0,2
%m Fe = 0,08.56/(0,1.27 + 0,08.56 + 0,2.24) .100% = 37,4%
Bảo toàn electron :
3n Al + 3n Fe + 2n Mg = 2n O + 2n SO2
<=> 0,1.3 + 0,08.3 + 0,2.2 = 0,11.2 + 2n SO2
<=> n SO2 = 0,36
<=> V SO2 = 0,36.22,4 = 8,064 lít
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2\\ MgO+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,25(mol)\\ a,\begin{cases} \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{14}.100\%=42,86\%\\ \%_{MgO}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\% \end{cases}\\ b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14-0,25.24}{40}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,25=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{200}.100\%=22,05\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,8.0,5=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,8.0,75=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Cl^-}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H:
\(n_{HCl}.1+n_{H_2SO_4}.2=n_{H_2}.2+n_{H_2O}.2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,4.1+0,6.2=0,2.2+n_{H_2O}.2\)
=>\(n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_O=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=m_{kimloai}+m_{Cl^-}+m_{SO_4^{2-}}\)
=>\(m_{kimloai}=88,7-35,5.0,4-0,6.96=16,9\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m=m_{kimloai}+m_O=16,9+0,6.16=26,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
a 0,6 1,5a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
b 0,4 1b
b) Gọi a là số mol của Al
b là số mol của Mg
\(m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=20,4\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Al}.M_{Al}+n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}=20,4g\)
⇒ 27a + 24b = 20,4g (1)
The phương trình : 1,5a + 1b = 1(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
27a + 24b = 20,4g
1,5a + 1b = 1
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,4.24=9,6\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4\left(tổng\right)}=0,6+0,4=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{1}{0,2}=5\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\ a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,4\\1,5a+b=0,225\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{9}{220}\\b=\dfrac{9}{55}\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{\dfrac{9}{55}.24}{5,4}.100\approx72,727\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx27,273\%\\ c,m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98.0,225.100}{20}=110,25\left(g\right)\)