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Bài 43:\(PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\left(1\right)\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaClO+NaC;+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
Ta có :
\(m_{NaCl}+m_{NaClO}=33,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaClO}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow58,5a+74,5=33,25\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH (2) \(n_{Cl2}=n_{NaCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH (1)\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4}=\frac{2}{5}n_{Cl2}=\frac{2}{5}.0,25=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Mà H điều chế = 80% \(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4\left(bđ\right)}=\frac{0,1}{80\%}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO4\left(bđ\right)}=0,125.155=19,375\left(g\right)\)
Bài 44:
\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+2KOH\rightarrow KCl+KClO+H_2O\)
Ta có:
\(n_{KCl}=\frac{17,433}{74,5}=0,234\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl2}=n_{KCl}=0,234\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO3}=\frac{0,234}{3}=0,078\left(mol\right)\)
Mà H =75%
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO3}=\frac{0,078.122,5}{75\%}=12,74\left(g\right)\)
40. Đặt \(n_{Cl_2\left(thu\text{ được}\right)}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
___________x______x________x
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=133x=47,88\\ \Rightarrow x=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{K_2Cr_2O_7}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
QT nhận e: Cr2+6 + 6e ----> 2Cr+3
________0,15_____0,9
QT nhường e: 2Cl- ----> Cl2 + 2e
_____________________0,45___0,9
\(\Rightarrow HSPU=\frac{n_{Cl_2\left(thu\text{ được}\right)}}{n_{Cl_2\left(lý\text{ thuyết}\right)}}=80\%\)
42.
\(n_{KMnO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{NaCl}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
0,2____________________________________0,5
\(2NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO\)
_________0,375___0,375
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{0,375}{0,5}=75\%\)
Câu 1:
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KMnO4}:x\left(mol\right)\\n_{K2Cr2O7}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(n_{Cl2}=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(K_2Cr_2O_7+14HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2CrCl_3+3Cl_2+7H_2O\)
Giải hệ PT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}158x+294y=61\\\frac{5}{2}x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%n_{KMnO4}=\frac{0,2}{0,3}.100\%=66,67\%\\\%n_{K2Cr2O7}=100\%-66,67\%=33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 2:
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KMnO4}:x\left(mol\right)\\n_{MnO2}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(n_{Cl2}=\frac{2,87.3}{0,082.\left(27+273\right)}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Giải hệ PT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}158x+87y=24,5\\5x+2y=2n_{Cl2}=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KMnO4}=\frac{0,1.158}{24,5}.100\%=64,5\%\\\%m_{MnO2}=100\%-64,5\%=35,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{2,1168}{22,4}=0,0945\left(mol\right)\)
=> nCl(muối) = 0,39 - 0,0945 = 0,201 (mol)
=> nAgCl = 0,201 (mol)
=> mAgCl = 0,201.143,5 = 28,8435 (g)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
a______________a______a_______________
\(\Rightarrow58,5a+74,5b=33,25\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
0,1___________________________0,25______________
\(H=80\%\Rightarrow\) Thực tế cần \(0,1:80\%=0,125\left(mol\right)KMnO_4\)
\(\Rightarrow m=0,125.158=19,75\left(g\right)\)
47.
Đặt \(n_{KClO_3}=c\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT.Cr\Rightarrow n_{K_2Cr_2O_7}=\frac{1}{2}n_{CrCl_3}=0,5b\left(mol\right)\\ BTNT.Mn\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=n_{MnCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_X=158x+122,5c+147b=57,45\left(1\right)\\ BTNT.K\Rightarrow n_{KCl}=n_{KMnO_4}+n_{KClO_3}+2n_{K_2Cr_2O_7}\\ =a+b+c=0,4\left(2\right)\\ \text{Mà }2a=b\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\\c=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
QT nhường e:
Mn+7 + 5e ----> Mn+2
0,1_____0,5
Cl+5 + 6e ----> Cl-
0,1____0,6
Cr2+6 + 6e ----> 2Cr+3
_______0,6______0,2
QT nhận e: 2Cl- ----> Cl2 + 2e
BT e \(\Rightarrow n_{Cl_2}=0,85\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Cl_2}=19,04\left(l\right)\)
Bài 47:
Gọi số mol KMnO4; KClO3; K2Cr2O7 lần lượt là x, y, z.
\(\Rightarrow158x+122,5y+294z=57,45\)
Phản ứng xảy ra:
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)
\(K_2Cr_2O_7+14HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2CrCl_3+3Cl_2+7H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KCl}=n_{KMnO4}+n_{KClO3}+2n_{K2Cr2O7}=x+y+2z=\frac{29,8}{39+35,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{MnCl2}=n_{KMnO4}=x;n_{CrCl3}=n_{K2Cr2O7}=z=2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,0633\\y=0,0835\\z=0,1266\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl2}=\frac{5}{2}n_{KMnO4}+3n_{KClO3}+3n_{K2Cr2O7}\)
\(=2,5x+3y+3z=0,78855\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,78855.22,4=17,66352\left(l\right)\)
Ta có :
\(n_{KMnO4}=\frac{47,4}{158}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
Theo lý thuyết , tạo ra 0,75mol Cl2
\(n_{NaCl}=\frac{26,325}{58,5}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
0,45______________0,45_____________
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{0,45}{0,75}.100\%=60\%\)
Câu 44
Phản ứng điều chế là KClO3 vs HCl
\(n_{KCl}=\frac{17,433}{74,5}=0,234\left(mol\right)\)
\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)
0,0624_______________0,1872________
\(3Cl_2+6KOH\rightarrow KClO_3+5KCl+3H_2O\)
0,1404__________________0,234__________
\(n_{Cl\left(lt\right)}=\frac{0,1404}{75\%}=0,1872\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO3}=0,0624.122,5=7,644\)
Câu 45
\(n_{Cl2}=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol KMnO4;K2Cr2O7 lần lượt là a;ba;b
Phản ứng xảy ra:
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+6H_2O\)
\(14HCl+K_2Cr_2O_7\rightarrow2KCl+2CrCl_3+3Cl_2+7H_2O\)
Ta có hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}158x+194y=61\\2,4x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n\%_{KMnO4}=\frac{0,2}{01+0,2}.100\%=66,67\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%n_{K2Cr2O7}=100\%-66,67\%=33,33\%\)
Cái hệ của câu 45 mk bấm lại ra âm bn , bn giải thích cho mk vs đc k