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were hurrying, were sitting, was talking, wasn’t looking, was singing, (was) playing, were shouting, (were) waving, (were) carrying, (were) running, was standing, was he wearing, was looking
a. was listening / started
b. fell / realised / jumped
c. swam / came / climbed / were arguing
d. began / was deciding / heard
1. arrived
2. closed
3. were sleeping
4. was taking off
5. saw
6. opened
7. read
8. put
9. picked up
10. went
11. was
12. was not raining
13. were walking
14. crossed
15. followed
16. didn’t know
17. were going
18. didn’t want
arrived - closed - were sleeping - was taking off - saw - opened - read - put - picked up - went - was - wasn't raining - were walking - crossed - followed - didn't know - were going - didn't want
a. We use the second conditional to describe an unreal or imaginary situation and its result.
(Chúng ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 để mô tả những sự kiện không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng ra và kết quả của chúng.)
If shops didn't exist (imaginary situation), we would buy (result) everything online.
(Nếu các cửa hàng không tồn tại (tình huống tưởng tượng), chúng ta sẽ mua (kết quả) mọi thứ trên mạng.)
We use the (1) past simple in the if clause and we use (2) would + (3) infinite in the main clause.
(Chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn trong mệnh đề if và dùng would + nguyên mẫu không to trong mệnh đề chính.)
b. We can put the main clause first. In this case, we don't need the comma.
(Ta có thể để mệnh đề chính lên trước. Trong trường hợp này, ta không cần dấu phẩy.)
I'd buy you a present if I had enough money.
(Tôi sẽ mua cho cậu một món quà nếu tôi có đủ tiền.)
c. We use could to mean would + be able to. It is also the past simple of can.
(Ta dùng could với nghĩa là would + be able to. Nó cũng là thể quá khứ đơn của can.)
If I won the lottery, I could stop work.
(Nếu tôi thắng xổ số, tôi có thể nghỉ việc.)
If she could speak English, she'd get a job in the USA.
(Nếu cô ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh, cô ấy có thể có việc ở Mỹ.)
The world would be much better if money didn’t exist.
If money didn’t exist, how would you buy things?
If you needed something, you would make it.
If you couldn’t make it, you would swap with somebody else.
So if I wanted a new mobile phone, how would I get it?
If money didn’t exist, life wouldn’t be better for poor people.
If nobody had any money, everybody would be equal.
E. In pairs, make sentences about a past vacation. Change the verbs into the simple past.
(Thực hành theo cặp, hãy viết câu về một kỳ nghỉ trong quá khứ. Thay đổi các động từ dùng thì quá khứ đơn.)
1. Last summer, / my family / go on / vacation. Last summer, my family went on vacation.
2. We / drive / all day. ____We drove all day___________________________________
3. In the evening, / we / arrive / at the campsite. ___________________In the evening, we arrived at the campsite____________________
4. Every day, / I / swim / in a lake / and / walk / in the forest. ________________Every day, I swam in a lake and walked in the forest_______________________
5. One day, / we / take / a tour of an old city. _________________One day, we took a tour of an old city______________________
6. We / be / very happy. ______We were very happy_________________________________
7. It / be / an amazing trip. ______It was an amazing trip_________________________________
1. have
a. I have had this laptop since my birthday.
(Tôi có cái laptop này từ sinh nhật tôi.)
b. We had dinner in the garden last night.
(Chúng tôi ăn tối ngoài vườn tối qua.)
2. not buy
a. I didn’t buy a new jacket in the sale last weekend.
(Tôi đã không mua cái áo khoác giảm giá cuối tuần trước.)
b I haven’t bought any new clothes for months.
(Tôi đã không mua bất cứ món quần áo nào nhiều tháng nay rồi.)
3. leave
a. I left school at five.
(Tôi nghỉ học lúc 5 tuổi.)
b I have left your dinner in the fridge. You can eat it later.
(Tôi để bữa tối trong tủ lạnh. Bạn có thể ăn sau.)
4. not text
a. I didn’t text you last night because I don't have your number.
(Tôi đã nhắn tin cho bạn tối hôm qua bởi vì tôi không biết số của bạn.)
b. Jim haven’t texted his girlfriend since Monday. She's a bit upset about it.
(Jim đã không nhắn tin với bạn gái từ thứ Hai rồi. Cô ấy hơi thất vọng.)
1.After I had had dinner,I watched TV
2.After we had bought a newspaper,we had a coffee
3.After we had played tennis,we went home
4.When my cousin phoned,I had gone to sleep
5.When we arrived at the match,Mesi had scored two goals
6.When their mother got home,the children had done the housework
1.b
2.b
3.a
4.a
5.c
6.a