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Bài 2:
a: \(A=11+\dfrac{3}{13}-2-\dfrac{4}{7}-5-\dfrac{3}{13}\)
\(=4-\dfrac{4}{7}=\dfrac{24}{7}\)
b: \(B=6+\dfrac{4}{9}+3+\dfrac{7}{11}-4-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(=5+\dfrac{7}{11}=\dfrac{62}{11}\)
c: \(C=\dfrac{-5}{7}\left(\dfrac{2}{11}+\dfrac{9}{11}\right)+1+\dfrac{5}{7}=1\)
d: \(D=\dfrac{7}{10}\cdot\dfrac{8}{3}\cdot20\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{5}{28}\)
\(=\dfrac{20}{10}\cdot7\cdot\dfrac{8}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{5}{28}=2\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Câu 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(1+x^3+y^3\geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3}=3xy\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}; \frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{xz}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT thu được:
\(\text{VT}\geq \sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\geq 3\sqrt[6]{\frac{27}{x^2y^2z^2}}=3\sqrt[6]{27}=3\sqrt{3}\) (Cauchy)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Câu 4:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{3}{y}\right)(x+y)\geq (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1.(x+y)\geq (\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})^2\Rightarrow x+y\geq 5+2\sqrt{6}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=5+2\sqrt{6}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=2+\sqrt{6}; y=3+\sqrt{6}\)
------------------------------
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}.\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}}=1\)
\(a^2+b^2\geq 2ab\Rightarrow \frac{3(a^2+b^2)}{4ab}\geq \frac{6ab}{4ab}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế hai BĐT trên:
\(\Rightarrow B\geq 1+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\) hay \(B_{\min}=\frac{5}{2}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
a: \(=-8\cdot\left(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right):\left(\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{7}{6}\right)\)
\(=-8\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}:\dfrac{27-14}{12}\)
\(=-4\cdot\dfrac{12}{13}=\dfrac{-48}{13}\)
b: \(=\left(\dfrac{10}{3}+\dfrac{5}{2}\right):\left(\dfrac{19}{6}-\dfrac{21}{5}\right)-\dfrac{11}{31}\)
\(=\dfrac{35}{6}:\dfrac{-31}{30}-\dfrac{11}{31}\)
\(=\dfrac{-35}{6}\cdot\dfrac{30}{31}-\dfrac{11}{31}=-6\)
a: \(=\left(\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{14}{15}\right)+\left(\dfrac{9}{10}-2-\dfrac{11}{9}\right)+\dfrac{1}{157}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{1}{157}+\dfrac{81-180-110}{90}\)
\(=\dfrac{158}{157}+\dfrac{-209}{90}\simeq-1.315\)
b: \(=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{2}{6}\)
=1/3-1/3
=0
c: \(\dfrac{2}{1\cdot3}+\dfrac{2}{3\cdot5}+...+\dfrac{2}{2015\cdot2017}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2015}-\dfrac{1}{2017}\)
=2016/2017
\(\text{a) }3x+\dfrac{4}{9}=2x+\dfrac{11}{18}\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2x=\dfrac{11}{18}-\dfrac{4}{9}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{6}\\ \text{Vậy }x=\dfrac{1}{6}\\ \)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{7}{12}+\dfrac{2}{3}:x=\dfrac{5}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}:x=\dfrac{1}{24}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=16\\ \text{Vậy }x=16\\ \)
\(\text{c) }\left|2.5-x\right|-\dfrac{1}{5}=1.2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|2.5-x\right|=1.4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2.5-x=-1.4\\2.5-x=1.4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3.9\\x=1.1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{39}{10}\\x=\dfrac{11}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \text{Vậy }x=\dfrac{39}{10}\text{ hoặc }x=\dfrac{11}{10}\\ \)
\(\text{d) }2^{x+1}+2^{x+2}=192\\ \Leftrightarrow2^x\cdot2+2^x\cdot4=192\\ \Leftrightarrow2^x\left(2+4\right)=192\\ \Leftrightarrow2^x\cdot6=192\\ \Leftrightarrow2^x=32\\ \Leftrightarrow2^x=2^5\\ \Leftrightarrow x=5\\ \text{Vậy }x=5\\ \)
Từ \(\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{2b}{2+b}+\dfrac{3c}{3+c}\le\dfrac{6}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{1+a}+2-\dfrac{2b}{2+b}+3-\dfrac{3c}{3+c}\ge6-\dfrac{6}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{4}{b+2}+\dfrac{9}{c+3}\ge\dfrac{36}{7}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{4}{b+2}+\dfrac{9}{c+3}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+6}=\dfrac{36}{7}=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{6};b=\dfrac{1}{3};c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
2) \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{25}{y}+\dfrac{64}{z}=\dfrac{4}{4x}+\dfrac{225}{9y}+\dfrac{1024}{16z}\ge\dfrac{\left(2+15+32\right)^2}{4x+9y+6z}=49\)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{7}=\dfrac{c}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{21}=\dfrac{b}{14}=\dfrac{c}{10}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{21}=\dfrac{b}{14}=\dfrac{c}{10}=\dfrac{a-b-c}{21-14-10}=\dfrac{-9}{-3}=3\)
Do đó: a=63; b=42; c=30
b: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=\dfrac{a+2b-3c}{2+2\cdot3-3\cdot4}=\dfrac{-20}{-4}=5\)
Do đó: a=10; b=15; c=20
d: Đặt a/1=b/3=c/5=k
=>a=k; b=3k; c=5k
Ta có: abc=120
\(\Leftrightarrow15k^3=120\)
=>k=2
=>a=2; b=6; c=10