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a, Ta có :
A = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100
2A = 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101
A = 2A – A = ( 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101 ) –( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 )
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101 – 1 - 2 - 2 2 - 2 3 - 2 4 - . . . - 2 99 - 2 100
= 2 101 - 1
Vậy A = 2 101 - 1
b, Ta có.
B = 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99
5 2 B = 5 2 ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 )
25B = 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101
25B – B = ( 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101 ) – ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 )
24B = 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101 – 5 - 5 3 - 5 5 - . . . - 5 97 - 5 99
24B = 5 101 - 5
B = 5 101 - 5 24 = 5 5 100 - 1 24
Vậy B = 5 5 100 - 1 24
a, A = 1 + 5 3 + 5 5 + 5 7 + . . . + 5 99
B = 5 4 + 5 6 + 5 8 + . . . + 5 100 = 5 . ( 5 3 + 5 5 + 5 7 + . . . + 5 99 ) = 5(A – 1)
A + B – 1 = 5 3 + 5 4 + . . . + 5 100
5(A + B – 1) = 5 4 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 100 + 5 101
4(A + B – 1) = 5(A + B – 1) – (A + B – 1) = 5 101 - 5 3
=> A + B – 1 = 5 101 - 5 3 4
=> A + 5(A – 1) –1 = 5 101 - 5 3 4 => 6A – 6 = 5 101 - 5 3 4
=> A – 1 = 5 101 - 5 3 24
=> A = 5 101 - 5 3 + 24 24
b, A = 1 - 2 + 2 2 - . . . - 2 2007
A = 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 - 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2007
A = ( 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 ) - 2 . 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006
A = - 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006
Đặt B = - 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2007 = - 2 . 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 = 2A
A + B = - 1 + 2 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 + 2 2007
2(A+B) = - 2 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 + 2 2007 + 2 2008
A+B = 2(A+B)–(A+B) = - 2 2008 - 1
=> A+2A = - 2 2008 - 1
=> 3A = - 2 2008 - 1
=> A = - ( 2 2008 - 1 ) 3
c, A = 7 + 7 3 + 7 5 + 7 7 + . . . + 7 1999
Đặt B = 7 2 + 7 4 + 7 6 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 = 7 ( 7 + 7 3 + 7 5 + 7 7 + . . . + 7 1999 ) = 7A
A+B = 7 + 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000
7(A+B) = 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 + 7 2001
7(A+B) – (A+B) = ( 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 + 7 2001 ) – ( 7 + 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 )
6(A+B) = 7 2001 - 7
A+B = 7 2001 - 7 6
=> A + 7A = 7 2001 - 7 6 => 8A = 7 2001 - 7 6 => A = 7 2001 - 7 48
b,A= \(\dfrac{11}{15}<\dfrac{1}{21}+\dfrac{1}{22}+\dfrac{1}{23}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}<\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(=(\dfrac{1}{21}+\dfrac{1}{22}+\dfrac{1}{23}+....+\dfrac{1}{40})+(\dfrac{1}{41}+...+1...\)
\(=(\dfrac{20}{20.21}+\dfrac{21}{21.22}+...+\dfrac{39}{39.40})+(40/...\)
\(20(\dfrac{1}{20.21}+\dfrac{1}{21.22}+...\dfrac{1}{39.40})+40(\dfrac{1}{40}...\)
\(20(\dfrac{1}{20}-\dfrac{1}{40})+40(\dfrac{1}{40}-\dfrac{1}{60})>\dfrac{11}{15}\)
Lại có \(A<40(\dfrac{1}{20.21}+...\dfrac{1}{39.40})+60(\dfrac{1}{40.41}+...+...\)
\(=40(\dfrac{1}{20}-\dfrac{1}{40})+60(\dfrac{1}{40}-\dfrac{1}{60})<\dfrac{3}{2}\)
=> \(\dfrac{11}{15}<\dfrac{1}{21}+\dfrac{1}{22}+\dfrac{1}{23}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}<\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a,\( \dfrac{1}{4}+ \dfrac{1}{16}+ \dfrac{1}{36}+ \dfrac{1}{64}+ \dfrac{1}{100}+ \dfrac{1}{144}+ \dfrac{1}{196}\)
= \( \dfrac{1}{4}+ \dfrac{1}{16}+ \dfrac{1}{36}+...+ \dfrac{1}{196} < \dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+ \dfrac{1}{4^2-1}+ \dfrac{1}{6^2-1}+...+ \dfrac{1}{14^2-1}\)
= \( \dfrac{1}{1.3}+ \dfrac{1}{3.5}+ \dfrac{1}{5.7}+...+ \dfrac{1}{13.15}\)
= \( \dfrac{1}{2}(1- \dfrac{1}{3}+ \dfrac{1}{3}- \dfrac{1}{5}+ \dfrac{1}{5}- \dfrac{1}{7}+ \dfrac{1}{7}-...- \dfrac{1}{13}+ \dfrac{1}{13}- \dfrac{1}{15})\)
= \( \dfrac{1}{2}(1- \dfrac{1}{15})< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \( \dfrac{1}{4}+ \dfrac{1}{16}+ \dfrac{1}{36}+ \dfrac{1}{64}+ \dfrac{1}{100}+ \dfrac{1}{144}+ \dfrac{1}{196}\) \(<\dfrac{1}{2} \)
a, \(\dfrac{7}{22}\) - \(\dfrac{15}{23}\) + \(\dfrac{2022}{2023}\) - \(\dfrac{8}{23}\) + \(\dfrac{15}{22}\)
= ( \(\dfrac{7}{22}\) + \(\dfrac{15}{22}\)) - ( \(\dfrac{15}{23}+\dfrac{18}{23}\)) + \(\dfrac{2022}{2023}\)
= \(\dfrac{22}{22}\) - \(\dfrac{23}{23}\) + \(\dfrac{2022}{2023}\)
= 1 - 1 + \(\dfrac{2022}{2023}\)
= \(\dfrac{2022}{2023}\)
b, - \(\dfrac{2}{11}\) + 5\(\dfrac{5}{6}\) ( 14\(\dfrac{1}{5}\) - 11\(\dfrac{1}{5}\)): 5\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
= - \(\dfrac{2}{11}\) + \(\dfrac{35}{6}\) ( \(\dfrac{71}{5}\) - \(\dfrac{56}{5}\)) : \(\dfrac{11}{2}\)
= - \(\dfrac{2}{11}\) + \(\dfrac{35}{6}\) . \(\dfrac{15}{5}\) : \(\dfrac{11}{2}\)
= - \(\dfrac{2}{11}\) + \(\dfrac{35}{2}\) \(\times\) \(\dfrac{2}{11}\)
= - \(\dfrac{2}{11}\) + \(\dfrac{35}{11}\)
= \(\dfrac{33}{11}\)
= 3
c, 2000 + { 20 - [ 4.20220 - (32 + 5):2] }
= 2000 + { 20 - [ 4.1 - (9+5):2]}
= 2000 + { 20 - [ 4 - 14 : 2 ]}
= 2000 + { 20 - [ 4 -7]}
= 2000 + { 20 - (-3)}
= 2000 + 23
= 2023
1 Ta có: 201810 + 20189 = 20189.(2018 + 1) = 20189. 2019
201710 = 20179.2017
=> 201810 + 20189 > 201710
2. A = 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2100
2A = 2(1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2100)
2A = 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2101
2A - A = (2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2101) - (1 + 2 + 22 +. ... + 2100)
A = 2101 - 1
B = 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + ... + 51
B = (51 + 1)[(51 - 1) : 5 + 1] : 2
B = 52. 11 : 2
B = 286