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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
`A=1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)`
Mà `a+b+c<=3/2`
`=>A>=9:3/2=6`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(4a)>=1`
`b+1/(4b)>=1`
`c+1/(4c)>=1`
`=>a+b+c+1/(4a)+1/(4b)+1/(4c)>=3`
Ta có:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=6`(Ở câu a)
`=>3/4(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=9/2`
`=>a+b+c+1/(a)+1/(b)+1/(c)>=3+9/2=15/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
A=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+cA=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+c
Mà a+b+c≤32a+b+c≤32
⇒A≥9:32=6⇒A≥9:32=6
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12⇔a=b=c=12
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
a+14a≥1a+14a≥1
b+14b≥1b+14b≥1
c+14c≥1c+14c≥1
⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3
Ta có:
1a+1b+1c≥61a+1b+1c≥6(Ở câu a)
⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92
⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12
Lời giải:
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
$a^3+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}\geq \frac{3}{4}a$
$b^3+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}\geq \frac{3}{4}b$
$\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+\frac{1}{2}\geq \frac{3}{4}(a+b)=\frac{3}{4}$
$\Rightarrow a^3+b^3\geq \frac{1}{4}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3}+\frac{3}{ab}=\frac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ab}\geq \frac{(1+1+1+1)^2}{a^2-ab+b^2+ab+ab+ab}\)
\(=\frac{16}{(a+b)^2}=16\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
Ta cần chứng minh BĐT phụ sau là : Với x,y>0 thì \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow y\left(x+y\right)+x\left(x+y\right)\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng )
dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y
Áp dụng BĐT phụ đó , ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+2}=\frac{4}{3}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=>a=b=1/2
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}=\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{1+1+1}{ab+a+b+1}=\frac{3}{ab+1+1}\)
\(=\frac{3}{a\left(1-a\right)+2}=\frac{3}{a-a^2+2}=\frac{3}{-\left(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{3}{-\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}}\)
\(\ge\frac{3}{\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
a/ Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh
b/ \(VT=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1+\frac{d-b}{b+c}+1+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1+\frac{c-a}{a+d}+1-4\)
\(VT=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{c+d}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{a+d}-4\)
\(VT=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+d}\right)-4\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b\right).\frac{4}{b+d+a+c}+\left(c+d\right).\frac{4}{b+c+a+d}-4\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\left(a+b+c+d\right)-4=4-4=0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}+\frac{16}{d}=\frac{1^2}{a}+\frac{1^2}{b}+\frac{2^2}{c}+\frac{4^2}{d}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwar dạng Engel ta có:
\(\frac{1^2}{a}+\frac{1^2}{b}+\frac{2^2}{c}+\frac{4^2}{d}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2+4\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(=\frac{8^2}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{64}{a+b+c+d}=VP\)
a) \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô -si cho 3 số dương:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{b}{ab}+\frac{a}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) \(\left(ĐK:a>0;b>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (BĐT luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)