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a) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{11,5}{23}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8\%.500}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
0,5---------------->0,5------->0,25
\(\Sigma n_{NaOH}=0,5+1=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=11,5+500-0,25.2=511\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1,5.40}{511}.100=11,74\%\)
b) Gọi thể tích dung dịch X cần tìm là V
\(n_{H^+}=V.1+V.0,5.1=2V\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Ta có : \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> 2V=1,5
=> V=0,75(lít)
\(CH_3COOH+NaCl\rightarrow CH_3COONa+HCl\)
\(2CH_3COOH+CaCO_3\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+H_2O+CO_2\)
2 1 1 1 1 (mol)
0,08 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 (mol)
\(nCO_2=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(mCaCO_3=0,04.100=4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(mNaCl=12,5-4=8,5\left(g\right)\)
( không thấy hh B )
c ) .
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
1 2 1 1 (mol)
0,04 0,08 0,04 0,04 (mol)
\(mNa_2CO_3=0,04.106=4,24\left(g\right)\)
\(mNa_2CO_{3\left(thựctế\right)}=\)\(\dfrac{4,24.85\%}{100\%}=3,604\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2.7}{27}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.1......0.3............0.1.........0.15\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.15\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.3\cdot36.5=10.95\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{10.95}{100}\cdot100\%=10.95\%\)
\(m_{dd}=2.7+100-0.15\cdot2=102.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.1\cdot133.5=13.35\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{13.35}{102.4}\cdot100\%=13.04\%\)
a, \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.84}{64,8}.100\%\approx25,93\%\\\%m_{MgSO_4}\approx74,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, - Dung dịch C gồm: MgCl2, MgSO4 và HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=64,8-0,2.84=48\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{120}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 64,8 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 156 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{156}.100\%\approx12,18\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{156}.100\%\approx2,34\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{156}.100\%\approx30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PT: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(MgSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}+n_{MgSO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{MgO}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
Bài 7 : Theo đề bài ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nNa=\dfrac{m1}{23}mol\\nNa2O=\dfrac{m2}{62}mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có PTHH 1 :
2Na + 2H2O \(\rightarrow\) 2NaOH + H2
\(\dfrac{m1}{23}mol..........\dfrac{m1}{23}mol..\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{m1}{23}mol\) = \(\dfrac{m1}{46}mol\)
=> mddNaOH = m1 + p - 2.\(\dfrac{m1}{46}=m1+p-\dfrac{m1}{23}\)
mct = mNaOH = 40.\(\dfrac{m1}{23}\) = \(\dfrac{40.m1}{23}\left(g\right)\)
=> a% = \(\dfrac{\dfrac{40m1}{23}}{m1+p-\dfrac{m1}{23}}.100\%=\dfrac{4000m1}{22m1+23p}\%\left(1\right)\)
Ta có PTHH 2 :
Na2O + H2O \(\rightarrow\) 2NaOH
\(\dfrac{m2}{62}mol.........2\dfrac{m2}{62}=\dfrac{m2}{31}mol\)
=> mddNaOH = \(m2+p\) (g)
mct = mNaOH = \(40.\dfrac{m2}{31}=\dfrac{40.m2}{31}\left(g\right)\)
=> a% = \(\dfrac{\dfrac{40m2}{31}}{m2+p}.100\%=\dfrac{4000m2}{31m2+31.p}\) % (2)
Ta có (1) = (2)
<=> \(\dfrac{4000m1}{22m1+23p}\) = \(\dfrac{4000m2}{31m2+31p}\)
<=> 4000m2 ( 22m1 + 23p ) = 4000m1( 31m2 + 31p )
Phần rút gọn dễ nên bạn tự rút gọn nha !
a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\left(2\right)\\ 2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
Cho hỗn hợp tác dụng với NaOH, chất rắn không tan là Fe
=> mFe= 1,12 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\Sigma n_{H_2}-n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,065-0,02=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,03.27=0,81\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=41,97\%,\%m_{Fe}=58,03\%\)
b) \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,02.127=2,54\left(g\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,03.133,5=4,005\left(g\right)\)
a,
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Mol: y y
Ta có:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+40y=10\\135x+58,5y=16,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,104\\y=0,042\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,104 0,208
PTHH: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Mol: 0,042 0,042
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,104.80.100}{10}=83,2\%;\%m_{NaOH}=100\%-83,2\%=16,8\%\)
b,\(n_{HCl}=0,208+0,042=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,2}=1,25M\)
Câu 1 :
mNaCl = 5.85*100/100= 5.85 g
mH2SO4 = 100*49/100=49 g
mNaOH = 100*20/100=20 g
BaSO4 không tan trong nước nên không tính được
Câu 2 :
nNa = 2.3/23 = 0.1 mol
Na + H2O --> NaOH + 1/2H2
0.1___________0.1______0.05
mdd sau phản ứng = 2.3 + 100 - 0.1 = 102.2 g
mNaOH = 4g
C%NaOH = 4/102.2*100% = 3.91%
Câu 3 :
nCa = 0.05 mol
Ca + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
0.05____________0.05_____0.1
mdd = 100 + 2 - 0.2 = 101.8 g
mCa(OH)2 = 3.7 g
C%Ca(OH)2 = 3.63%
Câu 4 :
nH2 = 5*10-5 mol
Ca + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + H2
5*10-5__________5*10-5__5*10-5
mCa = 0.002 g
mCa(OH)2 = 0.0037 g
mdd sau phản ứng = 100 g
C%Ca(OH)2 = 0.0037%