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Jacob Grimm (1)...WAS... born in January 1785 and his brother was born in February 1786 in Germany.Their father was a lawyer,and they (2).HAD... six more brothers and one sister.In 1802, Jacob(3)....WENT... to university to study law at the University of Marburg.As always,his little brother followed him,and entered law school (4).......IN.... 1803.During their university years they began to collect folk and fairy tales.Folklore is stories that have been passed down from parents to children, by(5)...WORD... of mouth,but at that time many had not been published in books.The Grimms were especially interested (6)...IN.... stories that included Germany and German culture.Jacob and Wihelm published their first book of fairy tales -"Children's and Household Tales"-in 1812.There (7) ....WERE....... 86 folktales.Readers were so happy to see the stories they had been(8)..TOLD... as children all collected together.Therefore,the book was a success.In the next volume of"Grimm's Fairy Tales",the brothers added 70 more stories.It went on growing like this for six more editions.Finally,the book contained over 200(9)...STORIES....! It is probably the best-known work of German literature.Even if you don't know the Brothers Grimm, you definitely(10)..KNOW... a Grimm fairy tale.
If there is just one single thing more astonishing than the ability of the adult human being to talk, it is the process by which someone learns to do this. Some parts of the process are still (1)___quite_____ much a closed book, but it is for the (2)____visible_____ part possible to describe what the child is doing at various stages in its development, even if we cannot account (3)___for_____ how exactly it learns to do these things.
In fact, research carried out by various linguists has (4)___given______ rise to as many theories as there are differences in the rate of development. A baby actually makes sounds from the moment it is born, but for some time these are rather far removed (5)_____by____ arulate speech. In something a year, a baby will probably be at a stage where one or two syllables represent the peak of its achievement as a speaker; one more year and it will be (6)___better____ out with short phrases, and after this it seems (7)________ time at all before the child is capable of uttering complete sentences.
Despite being a truly remarkable feat of learning, this is one that is performed by the vast (8)___diversity______ of human beings. Complex operations are brought (9)________ play in these dealing with speech and language; the key (10)_______ in brain work, though tongue – work and ear – work play a part in the whole process
Fill the blanks from 36 to 45 with the right form of the CAPITAL words provided:
1. _____ENVIRONMENTALISTS_ claim that the virus among seals was caused by pollution. (ENVIRONMENT)
2. Using electricity is an ____ECONOMICAL__ way of cooking. Gas is much cheaper. (ENOCOMY)
3. Thousands of people were made ___HOMELESS___ by the earthquake in Japan. (HOME)
4. The love for books is helpful in ___DEVELOPING____ the pupils' knowledge. (DEVELOP)
5. This professor explained his ideas with great ___CLEARANCE___. (CLEAR)
6. Some people claim to be able to foretell the future. (TELL)
7. I was annyed at his ___REFUSAL_______ to co-operate. (REFUSE)
8. He was very _____UPSET______ when his cat was run over. (SET)
9. He lost in the election because he was a weak and ___DECISIVE___ leader. (DECIDE)
10. I travelled to Scotland on the __NIGHT___ train and slept all the way. (NIGHT)
1. ___ENVIRONMENTAL___ claim that the virus among seals was caused by pollution. (ENVIRONMENT)
2. Using electricity is an __ENOCOMIC____ way of cooking. Gas is much cheaper. (ENOCOMY)
3. Thousands of people were made __HOMELESS____ by the earthquake in Japan. (HOME)
4. The love for books is helpful in ___DEVELOPMENT____ the pupils' knowledge. (DEVELOP)
5. This professor explained his ideas with great ___CLEARANCE___. (CLEAR)
6. Some people claim to be able to foretell the future. (TELL)
7. I was annyed at his ___REFUSAL_______ to co-operate. (REFUSE)
8. He was very _____SET_______ when his cat was run over. (SET)
9. He lost in the election because he was a weak and ____DECIDED__ leader. (DECIDE)
10. I travelled to Scotland on the __NIGHT___ train and slept all the way. (NIGHT)
1 You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it. (Thank you very much/or...)
Thank you very much for present which you sent me
2 She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp. (two ways)
She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
3 I am looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt, (two ways)
I am looking after some children who are terribly spoilt
4 The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed. (The bed 1. . .)
The bad, which i sleep on, has no matter.
5 Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
Romeo and Juliet, whose parents hated each other , were lovers.
6 There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
I was phoning from the bọx which was no drecting in.
7 This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
This is Mrs Jones whose son won the championship last year.
8 I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed. (The chair . . .)
I was sitting in a chair which suddenly collapsed.
9 Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him.
I had comespecially to see Mr. Smith, who was too busy to speak to me.
10 The man was sitting at the desk. I had come to see this man.
The man, whom I had come to see, was sitting at the desk.
11 I missed the train. I usually catch this train. And I had to travel on the next. This was a slow train. (Make into one sentence.)
I missed the train, which I usually catch. And I had to travel on the next train which was very slow.
12 His girl friend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely.
His girl friend whom he trusted absolutely turned out to be enemy spy.
13 The car had bad brakes. We were in this car. And The man didn't know the way. This man was driving. (Make into one sentence.)
We were in this car which had had brakes and the man who was driving didn't know the way.
14 This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
This is the story of a man whose wife suddenly loses her memory
15 We'll have to get across the frontier. This will be difficult.
We'll have to get across the frontier, which will be difficult
16 A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by flying glass.
A man brought in a small girl whose hand had been cut by flying glass
17 The car crashed into a queue of people. Four of them were killed.
The car crashed into a queue of people, four of whom were killed
18 The roads were crowded with refugees. Many of them were wounded.
The roads were crowded with refugees, many of whom were wounded
19 I was waiting for a man. He didn't turn up. (The man. . .)
The man for whom i was waiting didn't turn up
20 Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress.
Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of whom were wearing evening dress
21 The firm is sending me to York. I work for this firm. (The firm. . .)
The firm which i work for is sending me to York
22 The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been destroyed in the explosion.
The Smiths, whose house had been destroyed in the explosion, were given room in the hotel.
23 I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
I saw several houses, most of which were quite unsuitable.
24 He wanted to come at 2 a.m. This didn't suit me at all.
He wanted to come at 2 a.m, which didn’t suit me at all.
25 This is a story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an uninhabited island.
This is a story a group of boys whose plane crashed on a uninhabited island.
1 Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
Tom, who had been driving all day was tired and wanted to stop.
2 Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car. She felt quite fresh and wanted to go on.
Ann, who had been sleeping in the back of the car, felt quite fresh and wanted to go on.
3 Paul wanted to take the mountain road. His tyres were nearly new.
Paul, whose tyres were nearly new, wanted to take the mountain road.
4 Jack's tyres were very old. He wanted to stick to the tarred road.
jack, whose tyres were very old,wanted to stick to the tarred road.
5 Mary didn't know anything about mountains. She thought it would be quite safe to climb alone.
marry, who didn't know anythingabout mountains, thought it would be quite safe to climb alone.
6 He gave orders to the manager. The manager passed them on to the foreman.
He gave orders to the manager who passed them on to the foreman.
7 She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true.
She said that the men were thieves, turned out to be true.
8 The matter was reported to the Chief of Police. He ordered us all to be arrested.
The matter was reported to the Chief of Police who ordered us all to be arrested.
9 In prison they fed us on dry bread. Most of it was mouldy.
In prison they fed us on dry bread, Most of which was mouldy.
10 We slept in the same room as a handcuffed prisoner. His handcuffs rattled every time he moved.
We slept in the same room as a handcuffed prisoner whose handcuffs rattled every time he moved.
11 We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes.
We lit a fire which soon dried out our clothes.
12 They rowed across the Atlantic. This had never been done before.
They rowed across the Atlantic which had never been done before
13 The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of them were slightly injured.
The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of whom were slightly injured.
14 She refuses to use machines. This makes her work more arduous.
She refuses to use machines which makes her work more arduous.
15 I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
I met Mary who asked me to give you this.
16 The women prayed aloud all night. This kept us awake
The women prayed aloud all night which kept us awake
. 17 The river bed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next. This makes it unsafe for non-swimmers.
The river bed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next which makes it unsafe for non-swimmers.
18 Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people. Mary's children couldn't swim.
Mary whose children couldn't swim, said that there should be a notice up warning people.
19 Ann said that there were far too many notices. Ann's children could swim very well.
ann, whose children could swim very well, said that there were far too many notices.
20 He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows. Most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows. Most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
21 Jack, the goalkeeper, and Tom, one of the backs, were injured in last Saturday's match. Jack's injuries were very slight. He is being allowed to play in today's match. This is a good thing because the team hasn't got another goalkeeper. (Combine the last three sentences only.)
Jack, whose injuries were very slight, is being allowed to play, which is a good thing because the team hasn't got another goalkeeper.
22 But Tom's leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match from the stand.
Tom, whose leg is still in bandages, will have to watch the match from the stand.
23 Mr White didn't get a seat on his train this morning. This put him in a bad temper, and caused him to be very rude to his junior partner. The junior partner in turn was rude to the chief clerk; and so on all the way down to the office boy.
Mr. White didn't get a seat on the train this morning, which put him in a bad temper and caused him to be very rude to his junior clerk.
24 On Monday Tom's boss suddenly asked for a report on the previous week's figures. Tom had a hangover. He felt too sick to work fast. (Combine the last two sentences only.)
Tom, who had a hangover, felt too sick to work fast.
25 His boss didn't drink. He saw what was the matter and wasn't sympathetic.
His boss, who didn’t drink, saw what was the matter and wasn't sympathetic.
26 In the afternoon he rang Tom and asked why the report still hadn't arrived. The report should have been on his desk by 2 o'clock.
The report, which should have been on his desk by 2.00, still hadn’t arrived.
27 Tom's headache was now much worse. He just put the receiver down without answering. This was just as well, as if he'd said anything he would have been very rude.
Tom, whose headache was now much worse, put down the receiver without answering, which was just as well, as if he'd said anything he would have been very rude.
28 Fortunately Ann, the typist, came to Tom's assistance. Ann rather liked Tom.
Ann, who liked Tom, came to Tom's assistance
29 Even so the report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
the report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours
30 I went to Munich. I had always wanted to visit Munich.
to Munich, which I had always wanted to visit
1. Would try
2. Would make
3. Would have been improved
4. Will continue
5. Will be left
6. Growing up
7. Will go on
8. Stopped
9. Were controlled
10. Wouldn't become
11. Had
12. Would be
13. Will be
1. There was a high level of competitive__________activities_______ in certain areas.(act)
2. Today the prosperity of Skipton depends on the car parks for tourists,______visitors_______and shoppers.(visit)
3. This ________foreigner_________was born in Japan, as were his parents.(foreign)
4. The_____correspondents_____ take pride in their wordsmanship and don't mind twirling it.(correspond)
5. It is estimated that 20,000 jobs will be lost as part of the efforts to_________modernize_________ the forces.(modern)
6. Visitors were most________impressed________by the enthusiasm and commitment of pupils, teachers and all concerned.(impress)
7. It is a_________beautifully_________designed volume, with illustrations of the covers of his various books.(beauty)
8. I was overwhelmed by the__________friendliness________of the people here. (friend)
9. This film is____________enjoyable_________and visually gratifying.(enjoy)
10. The baby slept__________peacefully___________in its cradle. (peace)
11. He also says the development would lead to more noise and________atmospheric__________pollution.(atmosphere)
12. In addition, some firms encounter__________difficulties___________in understanding the new rules of the game.(difficult)
13. At each shrine you pause, and you say some_______prayers________and you greet each deity.(pray)
14. In 1962, Jamaica became an_________independent________country after 300 years of British rule.(independ)
15. I love all the________differences_______ between people in different parts of the country.(different)
16. ‘The country is____________famous__________for its natural beauty. (fame)
17. The_______recreation_______of the Famine ship took place at Blennerville, near Tralee, Co Kerry. (recreate)
18. Her voice was full of_______worshipful________admiration.(worship)
19. With neither fame nor letters of_______invitation______, they had to ask friends for help.(invite)
20. As for his name, I hardly think a formal ________introduction________was necessary.(introduce)
1. There was a high level of competitive____activity_____________ in certain areas.(act)
2. Today the prosperity of Skipton depends on the car parks for tourists,______visitors_______and shoppers.(visit)
3. This _____foreigner____________was born in Japan, as were his parents.(foreign)
4. The__correspondents________ take pride in their wordsmanship and don't mind twirling it.(correspond)
5. It is estimated that 20,000 jobs will be lost as part of the efforts to_________modernize_________ the forces.(modern)
6. Visitors were most______impressed__________by the enthusiasm and commitment of pupils, teachers and all concerned.(impress)
7. It is a______beautiful____________designed volume, with illustrations of the covers of his various books.(beauty)
8. I was overwhelmed by the__friendliness__of the people here. (friend)
9. This film is_______enjoyable________and visually gratifying.(enjoy)
10. The baby slept_____peacefully__________in its cradle. (peace)
11. He also says the development would lead to more noise and_____atmospheric_____________pollution.(atmosphere)
12. In addition, some firm encounter difficulties in understanding the new rules of the game.(difficult)
13. At each shrine you pause, and you say some_____prayers__________and you greet each deity.(pray)
14. In 1962, Jamaica became an____independent______country after 300 years of British rule.(independ)
15. I love all the___differences_________ between people in different parts of the country.(different)
16. ‘The country is______famous_________for its natural beauty. (fame)
17. The___recreation______of the Famine ship took place at Blennerville, near Tralee, Co Kerry. (recreate)
18. Her voice was full of____worshipful___________admiration.(worship)
19. With neither fame nor letters of___invitations__________, they had to ask friends for help.(invite)
20. As for his name, I hardly think a formal __introduction______was necessary.(introduce)