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Choose the best answer :
1. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman .................... governor in the United States
A. who elected B. to be elected C. was elected D. her election as
2. Pioneers , ....................... in isolated areas of the United States , were almost totally self - confident
A. who living B. living C. lived D. that lived
3. Completed in 1756 , Nassau Hall is the oldest building now ............ on the campus of Princeton University
A. standing B. it stands C. has stood D. stood
4. Neil Armstrong , ....................... person to set foot on the moon , reported that the surface was fine and powdery
A. the first B. to be the first C. was the first D. as the first
5. The Massachusetts State House , ........................... in 1798 , was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time
A. completing B. which was completed C. was completed D. to be completed
6. Lady Astor was the first woman ............................. her seat in Parliament
A. take B. to take C. taking D. who takes
7. Norman Weiner , .......................... mathematiciann and logician , had an important role in the development of the computer
A. who as a B. was a C. whom a D. a
8. Coal was the first fuel ................... to power machinery
A. is used B. using C. to use D. to be used
9. She has always got on well with her colleagues
A. she has always had poor friendship with her colleagues
B. she has always been on good terms with her colleagues
( get on well with sbd= be on good terms: hòa đồng thân thiện)
C. her colleagues have always put up with her
D. She is trying to establish a good friendship with her colleagues
10. Julia didn't listen to what her doctor told her
A. What the doctor told Julia was not worth listening to
B. Julia couldn't hear what the doctor told her
C. the doctor told Julia to listen to what he said , but she didn't do so
D. Julia took no notice of what her doctor told her
11. John Smith is a farmer . I bought his land
A. John Smith , whose land I bought , is a farmer
B. John Smith , who is a farmer , whose land I bought
C. John Smith , whom I bought his land , is a farmer
D. John Smith , a farmer , bought his land
12. That's the man I told you about yesterday
A. That's the man about whom I told you yesterday
B. I told you about the man whom you met yesterday
C. That's the man about that I told you yesterday
D. That's the man about I told you yesterday
13. Nobody could possibly believe the story he told us
A. the story he told us was magical
B. It's possible that he told an unreal story
C. It's possible that he told a real story
D. the story he told us was beyond our belief
14. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe ( Từ " infinite " đồng nghĩa với từ nào ? )
A. boundless B. unlimited C. uncountable D. inflexible
infinite: vô hạn
1. The panda's ............ habitat is the bamboo forest
A. nature B. natural C. naturalized D. naturally
2. Learners can feel very .............. if an exercise is too difficult
A. courageous B. encouraging C. unharmed D. harmless
Có lộn key anws không?
3. Oil , coal and natural gas are ................. fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants
A. unleaded B. smokeless C. solid D. fossil
4. Neil Armstrong , an American ....................... , was the first man to step on the moon's surface
A. scientist B. cosmonaut C. astronaut D. astronomer
5. The Great Wall of China is considered one of the greatest wonders in the world .............. its magnificence and significance
A. in spite of B. because C. instead of D. thanks to
6. Pioneers , ................... in isolated areas of the United States , were almost totally self - sufficient
A. who living B. living C. lived D. that lived
7. ..................... on the phone
A. It is his mother whom is B. It was his mother whom is
C. It was his mother who is D. It is his mother who is
8. .................. a high level of blood cholesterol
A. It is eggs that contain B. Those are eggs it contains
C. It is eggs that contains D. It is eggs contain
9. Jenny .................... leave the hospital only fours days after the operation
A. was able to B. could C. can D. will be able to
10. At last , they ............. get through the mountain in such a heavy rain
A. can B. could C. are able to D. were able to
11. Despite yesterday's snowfalls , we ................ arrive at school on time
A. could B. couldn't C. were able to D. weren't able to
12. The girl .................... tell what had happened to her after she had been unconscious for three days
A. could B. will be able to C. can D. was able to
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.
1. The woman _______next door is a famous singer .
A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
2. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt .
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
3. The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher .
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
4. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday .
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
5. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam .
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
6. The bridge _____ by French architects is very nice.
A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
7. The man is my teacher . I am grateful to him .
A. The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher . C. The man is my teacher who I am grateful .
B. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher .
8. Ngoc is friendly . We are talking about her .
A. Ngoc , we are talking about , is friendly . C. Ngoc , about her we are talking , is friendly .
B. Ngoc, whom we are talking about is friendly D. Ngoc , about whom we are talking, is friendly
9. A pilot is a person who flies an aircraft .
A. A person who called a pilot flies an aircraft . B. A person that flies an aircraft is called a pilot .
C. A pilot is someone who flies an aircraft . D. Both B and C are correct .
10. Sunday is the day _______which we usually go fishing .
A. during B. at C. in D. on
11. The music ______ we listened last night was boring .
A. to which B. which to C. to that D. that
12. The man ______ I introduced you to last night is thoughtful .
A. whom B. that C. Ø D. all are correct
13. She couldn’t answer any question , _______made me surprised.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
14. The books _______ written by Jack London is very interesting .
A. which were B. were C. whose D. which
15. I am going to visit the town _____ I was born and grew up .
A. where B. which C. when D. who
16. This is Mary , ____ is taking over my job when I leave .
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
17. An architect is someone _____ designs buildings .
A. who B. that C. which D. it
18. That is the house in ______I used to live .
A. that B. which C. where D. there
19. The man _______ is my teacher .
A. who she is speaking to B. whom she is speaking with
C. to whom she is speaking D. to whom she is speaking with
20. I apologized to the boy ______ book I borrowed .
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
Multiple choice
1. The woman _______ I was looking smiled
A. at whose B. for whom C. at whom D. at which
2. The flat _______ he lived was dirty
A. in which B. in what C. to which D. to whom
3. He is the boy _________ I went to school
A. with which B. to whom C. with whom D. to which
4. The woman _________ I told you works in our school
A. about which B. to which C. to whom D. about whom
5. Pam is the friend ________ she loves
A. to whom B. with whom C. which D. whom
6. The music _________ we are learning is very wonderful
A. which B. to which C. with which D. who
7. The bus ________ I go to work is very fast
A. on which B. to which C. that D. to that
8. The man ________ I work is very nice
A. whose B. who C. for whom D. which
9. The house ________ I live is very small
A. which B. what C. when D. in which
10. Do you know the person __________ they were talking ? A. to who B. to whom C. in whom D. by whom
11. The man ________ is my teacher
A. which she is speaking to B. whom she is speaking with C. to whom she is speaking D. to whom she is speaking with
1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that
A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.
2. Letter writers in the 1830s
A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.
3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?
A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.
It might not have looked very impressive, but the Penny Black, now 170 years old, was the first stamp to be created and it launched the modem postal system in Britain.
Before 1840 and the arrival of the Penny Black, you had to be rich and patient to use the Royal Mail. Delivery was charged according to the miles travelled and the number of sheets of paper used; a 2-page letter sent from Edinburgh to London, for example, would have cost 2 shillings, or more than £7 in today’s money. And when the top-hatted letter carrier came to deliver it, it was the recipient who had to pay for the postage. Letter writers employed various ruses to reduce the cost, doing everything possible to cram more words onto a page. Nobody bothered with heavy envelopes; instead, letters would be folded and sealed with wax. You then had to find a post office - there were no pillar boxes - and hope your addressee didn't live in one of the several rural areas which were not served by the system. If you were lucky, your letter would arrive (it could take days) without being read or censored.
The state of mail had been causing concern throughout the 1830s, but it was Rowland Hill, an inventor, teacher and social reformer from Kidderminster, who proposed a workable plan for change. Worried that a dysfunctional, costly service would stifle communication just as Britain was in the swing of its second industrial revolution, he believed reform would ease the distribution of ideas and stimulate trade and business, delivering the same promise as the new railways.
Hill’s proposal for the penny post, which meant any letter weighing less than half an ounce (14 grams) could be sent anywhere in Britain for about 30p in today’s money, was so radical that the Postmaster General, Lord Lichfield, said, 'Of all the wild and visionary schemes which I ever heard of, it is the most extravagant.’ Lord Lichfield spoke for an establishment not convinced of the need for poor people to post anything. But merchants and reformers backed Hill. Soon the government told him to make his scheme work. And that meant inventing a new type of currency.
Hill quickly settled on 'a bit of paper covered at the back with a glutinous wash which the user might, by applying a little moisture, attach to the back of a letter’. Stamps would be printed in sheets of 240 that could be cut using scissors or a knife. Perforations would not arrive until 1854. The idea stuck, and in August 1839 the Treasury launched a design competition open to ‘all artists, men of science and the public in general’. The new stamp would need to be resistant to forgery, and so it was a submission by one Mr Cheverton that Hill used as the basis for one of the most striking designs in history. Cheverton, who worked as a sculptor and an engineer, determined that a portrait of Queen Victoria, engraved for a commemorative coin when she was a 15-year-old princess, was detailed enough to make copying difficult, and recognisable enough to make fakes easy to spot. The words ‘Postage’ and ‘One Penny’ were added alongside flourishes and ornamental stars. Nobody thought to add the word ‘Britain’, as it was assumed that the stamps would solely be put to domestic use.
With the introduction of the new postal system, the Penny Black was an instant hit, and printers struggled to meet demand. By the end of 1840, more than 160 million letters had been sent - more than double the previous year. It created more work for the post office, whose reform continued with the introduction of red letter boxes, new branches and more frequent deliveries, even to the remotest address, but its lasting impact on society was more remarkable.
Hill and his supporters rightly predicted that cheaper post would improve the ‘diffusion of knowledge’. Suddenly, someone in Scotland could be reached by someone in London within a day or two. And as literacy improved, sections of society that had been disenfranchised found a voice.
Tristram Hunt, an historian, values the ‘flourishing of correspondence’ that followed the arrival of stamps. ‘While I was writing my biography of Friedrich Engels I could read the letters he and Marx sent between Manchester and London,’ he says. ‘They wrote to each other three times a day, pinging ideas back and forth so that you can almost follow a real-time correspondence.’
The penny post also changed the nature of the letter. Weight-saving tricks such as cross-writing began to die out, while the arrival of envelopes built confidence among correspondents that mail would not be stolen or read. And so people wrote more private things - politically or commercially sensitive information or love letters. ‘In the early days of the penny post, there was still concern about theft,’ Hunt says. ‘Engels would still send Marx money by ripping up five-pound notes and sending the pieces in different letters.’ But the probity of the postal system became a great thing and it came to be expected that your mail would not be tampered with.
For all its brilliance, the Penny Black was technically a failure. At first, post offices used red ink to cancel stamps so that they could not be used again. But the ink could be removed. When in 1842, it was determined that black ink would be more robust, the colour of the Penny Black became a sort of browny red, but Hill’s brainchild had made its mark.
1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that
A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.
2. Letter writers in the 1830s
A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.
3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?
A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.
1:_______that she was white and that one of the servants was black, she concluded that all who occupied a similar menial position were of the same hue.
A. when she told B. to be told C. on being told D. having told
2: Would there be a point at which she stopped ________ by his family?
A. to surprise B. being surprise C. to be surprise D. surprising
3: It was so ______ a victory that even Smith's fan could'nt believe it.
A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. surprisedly
4: We should participate in the movements ________ the natural environment.
A. organizing to coserve B. organized conserving
C. organized to coserve D. which organizing to coserve
5: The students ________ by the teacher yesterday were very rule.
A. punish B.punishing C. punished D. to punish