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a)
CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b)
- Xét cốc 1:
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{3}{100}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,03-->0,06---->0,03--->0,03
=> \(V_{CO_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672\left(l\right)\)
c)
mcốc 1 = 3 + 100 - 0,03.44 = 101,68 (g) (1)
- Xét cốc 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{x}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
\(\dfrac{x}{27}\)-->\(\dfrac{x}{18}\)---------->\(\dfrac{x}{54}\)------->\(\dfrac{x}{18}\)
=> mcốc 2 = \(x+100-\dfrac{x}{18}.2=\dfrac{8}{9}x+100\left(g\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => x = 1,89 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{x}{18}=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
=> V' = 0,105.22,4 = 2,352 (l)
d)
- Xét cốc 1
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCl_2}=0,03.111=3,33\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,06\right).36,5=12,41\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{3,33}{101,68}.100\%=3,275\%\\C\%_{HCldư}=\dfrac{12,41}{101,68}.100\%=12,205\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,m_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.7,3}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{100}=9,8\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{3}{100}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{x}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
ban đầu 0,03 0,2
phản ứng 0,03 0,06
sau pư 0 0,14 0,03 0,03 0,03
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\) (*)
- TH1: Al hết \(\dfrac{x}{27}\)------------------------------------->\(\dfrac{x}{18}\)
- TH2: Al dư 0,1------------------------>0,1
\(b,V_{CO_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672\left(l\right)\)
\(c,m_{cốc\left(1\right)}=3+100-0,03.2=102,94\left(g\right)\)
TH1: Al tan hết
\(m_{cốc\left(2\right)}=x+100-\dfrac{x}{18}.2=\dfrac{8x}{9}+100\left(g\right)\)
Do \(m_{cốc\left(1\right)}=m_{cốc\left(2\right)}\)
\(\rightarrow102,94=\dfrac{8x}{9}+100\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3,3075\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,3075}{18}.22,4=4,116\left(l\right)\)
- TH2: Al dư
\(m_{cốc\left(2\right)}=x+100-0,1.2=99,8+x\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow102,94=99,8+x\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3,14\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(d,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.111}{102,94}.100\%=3,23\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,14.36,5}{102,94}.100\%=4,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thí nghiệm 1 : $n_{Mg} = \dfrac{15}{24} = 0,625(mol)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,625(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{tăng} = m_{Mg} - m_{H_2} = 15 - 0,625.2 = 13,75(gam)$
- Thí nghiệm 2 :
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{a}{56}(mol)$
$m_{tăng} = a - \dfrac{a}{56}.2 = \dfrac{27a}{28}(gam)$
Mà cân ở vị trí cân bằng nên $13,75 = \dfrac{27a}{28} \Rightarrow a = 14,26(gam)$
Giả sử mcốc 1 (bđ) = mcốc 2 (bđ) = a (g)
- Xét cốc 1:
\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{21}{84}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,25----------------------->0,25
=> mcốc 1 sau pư = a + 21 - 0,25.44 = a + 10 (g) (1)
- Xét cốc 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
\(\dfrac{m}{27}\)----------------------------->\(\dfrac{m}{18}\)
=> mcốc 2 sau pư = \(a+m-\dfrac{m}{18}.2=a+\dfrac{8}{9}m\left(g\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(a+10=a+\dfrac{8}{9}m\)
=> m = 11,25 (g)
- Xét cốc A
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,4-------------------->0,4
=> \(m_{tăng}=26-0,4.2=25,2\left(g\right)\) (1)
- Xét cốc B
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
\(\dfrac{m}{27}\)--------------------------->\(\dfrac{m}{18}\)
=> \(m_{tăng}=m-\dfrac{m}{18}.2=\dfrac{8}{9}m\left(g\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\dfrac{8}{9}m=25,2\)
=> m = 28,35 (g)
nFe = \(\frac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
nAl = \(\frac{m}{27}mol\)
Cốc A : Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,2 0,2
Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng khối lượng HCl tăng thêm;
11,2 - 0,2.2 = 10,8 g
Cốc B : 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 2H2
\(\frac{m}{27}\) \(\frac{3m}{27.2}\)
Khi cho mg Al vào cốc B thì cốc B tăng thêm là ;
m - \(\frac{3m}{27.2}\).2 = 10,8
=> m = 12,15 g
1)
\(m_{ddCuSO_4\left(bd\right)}=1,6.25=40\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4.5H_2O}=\dfrac{11,25}{250}=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{CuSO_4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,045}{0,025}=1,8M\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{0,045.160}{40}.100\%=18\%\)
b)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.18}{100}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4.5H_2O}=\dfrac{5,634}{250}=0,022536\left(mol\right)\)
nCuSO4 (tách ra) = 0,022536 (mol)
=> \(m_{CuSO_4\left(dd.ở.t^o\right)}=36-0,022536.160=32,39424\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O\left(bd\right)}=200-36=164\left(g\right)\)
nH2O (tách ra) = 0,022536.5 = 0,11268 (mol)
=> \(m_{H_2O\left(dd.ở.t^o\right)}=164-0,11268.18=161,97176\left(g\right)\)
\(S_{t^oC}=\dfrac{32,39424}{161,97176}.100=20\left(g\right)\)