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2. Có hai cách nhé
Cách 1: P = xy(x - 2)(y + 6) + 12x² - 24x + 3y² + 18y + 36
--> P = xy(x - 2)(y + 6) + 12x(x - 2) + 3y(y + 6) + 36
--> P = [ 12x(x - 2) + 36 ] + xy(x - 2)(y + 6) + 3y(y + 6)
--> P = 12[x(x - 2) + 3] + y(y + 6).[x(x - 2) + 3]
--> P = [x(x - 2) + 3].[y(y + 6) + 12]
--> P = (x² - 2x + 3)(y² + 6y + 12)
--> P = [(x - 1)² + 2].[(y + 3)² + 3] ≥ 2.3 = 6 > 0
Dấu " = " xảy ra ⇔ x = 1 ; y = -3
Vậy MinP = 6 ⇔ x = 1 ; y = -3
Cách 2: P = xy(x - 2)(y + 6) + 12x² - 24x + 3y² + 18y + 36
--> P = xy(x - 2)(y + 6) + 12x(x - 2) + 3(y + 3)² + 9
--> P = x(x - 2)[y(y - 6) + 12] + 3(y + 3)² +9
--> P = x(x - 2)[(y + 3)² + 3] + 3(y + 3)² + 9
--> P = x(x - 2)(y + 3)² + 3x(x - 2) + 3(y + 3)² + 9
--> P = (y + 3)²[x(x - 2) + 3] + 3x(x - 2) + 9
--> P = (y + 3)²[(x - 1)² + 2] + 3x² - 6x + 9
--> P = (y + 3)²(x - 1)² + 2(y + 3)² + 3(x - 1)² + 6 ≥ 6
Dấu " = " xảy ra ⇔ x = 1 ; y = -3
Vậy MinP = 6 ⇔ x = 1 ; y = -3
P/S: MinP = 6 > 0 ∀ x, y ∈ R --> P luôn dương ∀ x, y ∈ R
Mình nghĩ phần CM: "P luôn dương với mọi x,y thuộc R." là hơi thừa :-)
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Ta có : \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\) (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+2.\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\) (**)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow t\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}}=2\)
Vậy thì \(\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2=t^2-3t+2=\left(t-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\ge\left(2-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}=0\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức (**) đúng hay bất đẳng thức (*) đúng
\(xy\left(x-2\right)\left(y+6\right)+12x^2-24x+3y^2+18y+2045.\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x\right)\left(y^2+6y\right)+12\left(x^2-2x\right)+3\left(y^2+6y\right)+2045\)
\(=\left[\left(x^2-2x\right)\left(y^2+6y\right)+3\left(y^2+6y\right)\right]+12\left(x^2-2x+3\right)+2009.\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\left(y^2+6x\right)+12\left(x^2-2x+3\right)+2009\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\left(y^2+6x+12\right)+2009\)
\(=\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+2\right]\left[\left(y+3\right)^2+3\right]+2009\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(\left(y+3\right)^2\ge0\forall y\Leftrightarrow\left(y+3\right)^2+3\ge3\)
Suy ra \(B=\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+2\right]\left[\left(y+3\right)^2+3\right]+2009\ge2.3+2009=2015\)
Vậy GTNN của B=2015 khi x=1, y=-3.
\(A=\left(\frac{4}{x-y}-\frac{x-y}{y^2}\right).\frac{y^2-xy}{x-3y}+\left(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{x^2-xy}{x-2y}\right):\frac{xy+y^2}{2x-4y}\)
\(=\frac{4y^2-\left(x-y\right)^2}{y^2\left(x-y\right)}.\frac{y^2-xy}{x-3y}+\frac{x\left(x-2y\right)-2\left(x^2-xy\right)}{2\left(x-2y\right)}.\frac{2x-4y}{xy+y^2}\)
\(=\frac{3y^2+2xy-x^2}{y^2\left(x-y\right)}.\frac{y^2-xy}{x-3y}+\frac{-x^2}{2\left(x-2y\right)}.\frac{2x-4y}{xy+y^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(3y-x\right)}{y^2\left(x-y\right)}.\frac{y\left(y-x\right)}{x-3y}-\frac{x^2}{2\left(x-2y\right)}.\frac{2\left(x-2y\right)}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)}{y}-\frac{x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{2xy+y^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{2x+y}{x+y}\)
Giờ chỉ cần thế x, y vô nữa là xong nhé.
\(A=\left(\frac{4}{x-y}-\frac{x-y}{y^2}\right).\frac{y^2-xy}{x-3y}\)\(+\left(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{x^2-xy}{x-2y}\right):\frac{xy+y^2}{2x-4y}\)
\(=\left(\frac{4}{x-y}-\frac{x-y}{y^2}\right).\frac{y\left(y-x\right)}{x-3y}\)\(+\left(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{x\left(x-y\right)}{x-2y}\right):\frac{y\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{4y\left(y-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-3y\right)}-\frac{\left(x-y\right)y\left(y-x\right)}{y^2\left(x-3y\right)}\)\(+\frac{x.2\left(x-2y\right)}{2.y\left(x+y\right)}-\frac{x\left(x-y\right).2\left(x-2y\right)}{\left(x-2y\right).y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-4y}{x-3y}+\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{y\left(x-3y\right)}+\frac{x\left(x-2y\right)}{y\left(x+y\right)}-\frac{2x\left(x-y\right)}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-4y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2}{y\left(x-3y\right)}+\frac{x^2-2xy-2x^2+2xy}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-2xy-3y^2}{y\left(x-3y\right)}+\frac{-x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+xy-3xy-3y^2}{y\left(x-3y\right)}-\frac{x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(x+y\right)-3y\left(x+y\right)}{y\left(x-3y\right)}-\frac{x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-3y\right)}{y\left(x-3y\right)}-\frac{x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{y}-\frac{x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-2xy+y^2-x^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{-2xy+y^2}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{y\left(y-2x\right)}{y\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{y-2x}{x+y}\)
Thay \(x=\frac{1}{2};y=\frac{1}{3}\)vào A ta có :
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{3}-2.\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{\frac{1}{3}-1}{\frac{3}{6}+\frac{2}{6}}=\frac{2}{3}:\frac{5}{6}=\frac{2.6}{3.5}=\frac{4}{5}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{4}{5}\)tại \(x=\frac{1}{2};y=\frac{1}{3}\)
1/ Với số dương ta luôn có \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\) (Cauchy hoặc quy đồng chuyển vế sẽ chứng minh được dễ dàng). Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+2.\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{x}+2\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2+2\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\) (1)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=a\ge2\) thì (1) trở thành:
\(a^2+2\ge3a\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\ge0\) (2)
Do \(a\ge2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-1>0\\a-2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)\) đúng, vậy BĐT được chứng minh. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)
2/ \(B=\left(x^2-2x\right)\left(y^2+6y\right)+12\left(x^2-2x\right)+3\left(y^2+6y\right)+2045\)
\(B=\left(x^2-2x\right)\left(y^2+6y+12\right)+3\left(y^2-6y+12\right)-36+2045\)
\(B=\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\left(y^2+6y+12\right)+2009\)
\(B=\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+2\right]\left[\left(y+3\right)^2+3\right]+2009\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\\\left(y+3\right)^2+3\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge2.3+2009=2015\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{min}=2015\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)