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\(tanB=\dfrac{AC}{AB}=\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow B=60^0\)
\(\Rightarrow\widehat{BAM}=\widehat{B}=60^0\)
\(AM=\dfrac{1}{2}BC=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{AB^2+AC^2}=a\)
\(\overrightarrow{BA}.\overrightarrow{AM}=-\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AM}=-AB.AM.cos\widehat{BAM}=-\dfrac{a^2}{2}\)
Dễ thấy: \(\overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {BA} + \overrightarrow {AC} = - \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AC} \)
Ta có:
+) \(\overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BD} \). Mà \(\overrightarrow {BD} = - \overrightarrow {DB} = - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {BC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)( - \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AC} ) = \frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} \)
+) \(\overrightarrow {DH} = \overrightarrow {DA} + \overrightarrow {AH} = - \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {AH} \).
Mà \(\overrightarrow {AD} = \frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} ;\;\;\overrightarrow {AH} = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} .\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {DH} = - \left( {\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} } \right) + \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} = - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} .\)
+) \(\overrightarrow {HE} = \overrightarrow {HA} + \overrightarrow {AE} = - \overrightarrow {AH} + \overrightarrow {AE} \)
Mà \(\overrightarrow {AH} = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} ;\;\overrightarrow {AE} = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {HE} = - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} .\)
b)
Theo câu a, ta có: \(\overrightarrow {DH} = \overrightarrow {HE} = - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {AC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \) Hai vecto \(\overrightarrow {DH} ,\overrightarrow {HE} \) cùng phương.
\( \Leftrightarrow \)D, E, H thẳng hàng
+) Ta có: \(AB \bot AC \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} \bot \overrightarrow {AC} \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} = 0\)
+) \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC} = \left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\left| {\overline {BC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right)\)
Ta có: \(BC = \sqrt {A{B^2} + A{C^2}} = \sqrt 2 \Leftrightarrow \sqrt {2A{C^2}} = \sqrt 2 \)\( \Rightarrow AC = 1\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC} = 1.\sqrt 2 .\cos \left( {45^\circ } \right) = 1\)
+) \(\overrightarrow {BA} .\overrightarrow {BC} = \left| {\overrightarrow {BA} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {BC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {BA} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = 1.\sqrt 2 .\cos \left( {45^\circ } \right) = 1\)
a) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} = 2.3.\cos \widehat {BAC} = 6.\cos {60^o} = 3\)
b)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AC} = 2\overrightarrow {AM} \)(do M là trung điểm của BC)
\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} = \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} \)
+) \(\overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AD} - \overrightarrow {AB} = \frac{7}{{12}}\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} \)
c) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AM} .\overrightarrow {BD} = \left( {\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} } \right)\left( {\frac{7}{{12}}\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right)\\ = \frac{7}{{24}}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} - \frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}{\overrightarrow {AC} ^2} - \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {AB} \\ = - \frac{1}{2}A{B^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}A{C^2} - \frac{5}{{24}}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} \\ = - \frac{1}{2}{.2^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}{.3^2} - \frac{5}{{24}}.3\\ = 0\end{array}\)
\( \Rightarrow AM \bot BD\)
a/ \(\overrightarrow{AC}=3\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{BN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{DC}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Hmm, MN làm sao vuông góc vs BC đc. Nó chỉ vuông góc khi M là TĐ của AC thôi, bởi N là trung điểm của BC rồi mà, hại não :((
2/\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{BA}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CK}=\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{BC}+\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CK}=\frac{9}{13}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GM}+\overrightarrow{GN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CN}+\overrightarrow{NM}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+2\overrightarrow{CN}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Ta có : \(\overrightarrow{CN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CG}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{18}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CG}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}+\frac{1}{18}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{2}{9}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
Có \(\overrightarrow{CK}=\frac{18}{13}\overrightarrow{CG}\Rightarrow\) C,G,K thẳng hàng
Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng engel ta có:
\(T=\frac{9}{x}+\frac{4}{2-x}=\frac{3^2}{x}+\frac{2^2}{2-x}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(3+2\right)^2}{x+2-x}=\frac{25}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{6}{5}\)
Vậy \(Min_T=\frac{25}{2}\) khi \(x=\frac{6}{5}\)