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\(\widehat{ABC}=120^0\Rightarrow\widehat{DAB}=180^0-120^0=60^0\)
\(\Rightarrow\Delta ABD\) đều
Gọi E là trung điểm AD \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BE}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
Đặt \(\overrightarrow{u}=\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{AD}\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|^2=\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{4}{9}AB^2+\dfrac{16}{9}AD^2-\dfrac{16}{9}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{9}.4a^2+\dfrac{16}{9}4a^2-\dfrac{16}{9}.2a.2a.cos60^0=\dfrac{16}{3}a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|=\dfrac{4a\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
1.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\dfrac{x_A+x_B}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y_I=\dfrac{y_A+y_B}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow I\left(-\dfrac{3}{2};1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_G=\dfrac{x_A+x_B+x_C}{3}=0\\y_G=\dfrac{y_A+y_B+y_C}{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow G\left(0;0\right)\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{CI}=\left(-\dfrac{9}{2};3\right)\\\overrightarrow{AG}=\left(-2;-3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CI=\sqrt{\left(-\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2+3^2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\\AG=\sqrt{\left(-2\right)^2+\left(-3\right)^2}=\sqrt{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.
Gọi \(D\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-7;-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{DC}=\left(3-x;-2-y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(ABCD\) là hbh \(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-7=3-x\\-4=-2-y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow D\left(10;2\right)\)
4. Gọi \(H\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{CH}=\left(x-3;y+2\right)\\\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-2;y-3\right)\\\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(8;-1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
H là trực tâm \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AH\perp BC\\CH\perp AB\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BC}=0\\\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{AB}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left(x-2\right)-1\left(y-3\right)=0\\-7\left(x-3\right)-4\left(y+2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-y=13\\-7x-4y=-13\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow H\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)