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Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{yz}+\frac{y^2}{xz}+\frac{z^2}{xy}\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x+y+z=0\end{cases}}\)
Vì nghiệm của phương trình là bộ ba số khác O nên các số a,b,c là ba số khác nhau và khác O
+) Nếu: \(\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{c}{a-b}=k\ne0\Rightarrow a=k\left(b-c\right);b=k\left(c-a\right);c=k\left(a-b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\)
Từ: \(\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b}{c-a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+a+b}=\frac{b}{-a-b-a}\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+a^2+b^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=0\Rightarrow a=b=c=0\)(loại)
+) Nếu: \(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b}{a-c}+\frac{c}{b-a}=\frac{b\left(b-a\right)+c\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{b^2-ba+ca-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{c^2-cb+ab-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(2\right);\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2-ac+bc-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1),(2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c^2\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
Đặt \(m=\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2};n=\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2};p=\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\Rightarrow m+n+p=0\)
\(\Rightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\Rightarrow\frac{m^2}{np}+\frac{n^2}{mp}+\frac{p^2}{mn}=3\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
từ đề bài \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{-b\left(a-b\right)-c\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{-ab+b^2-c^2+ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{-ab+b^2-c^2+ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{-cb+c^2-a^2+ab}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{-ac+a^2-b^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được : \(\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-ab+b^2-c^2+ac-bc+c^2-a^2+ab-ac+a^2-b^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
Ta có : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{-\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{-\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{-1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{-1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)
b/ \(\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(1+a\right)^2}{x+a^2}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)\left(1+b\right)^2}{x+b^2}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(1+c\right)^2}{x+c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(ab+bc+ca+2a+2b+2c+1\right)x+2abc+ab+bc+ca=0\)
Đặt: \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab+bc+ca+2a+2b+2c+1=m\\2abc+ab+bc+ca=n\end{cases}}\) (đặt cho gọn)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-mx+n=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-\frac{2m}{2}x+\frac{m^2}{4}\right)-\frac{m^2}{4}+n=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{m}{2}\right)^2=\frac{m^2}{4}-n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{\frac{m^2}{4}-n}+\frac{m}{2}\\x=-\sqrt{\frac{m^2}{4}-n}+\frac{m}{2}\end{cases}}\)
a/ \(\frac{1}{a+b-x}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)x^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)x-ab\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left(a+b\right)x^2-\frac{2x\sqrt{a+b}.\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}\right)-\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}-ab\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a+b}x-\frac{a^2+b^2}{2\sqrt{a+b}}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}+ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}+ab\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{2\sqrt{a+b}}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\\x=\frac{-\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}+ab\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{2\sqrt{a+b}}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}\)
\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}\)
\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
Cộng theo vế ba đẳng trên được dpcm.
1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-a=z\)
Ta có: \(\frac{y}{x\left(-z\right)}+\frac{z}{y\left(-x\right)}+\frac{x}{z\left(-y\right)}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\)
\(\frac{\left(-1\right)y^2}{xyz}+\frac{\left(-1\right)z^2}{xyz}+\frac{\left(-1\right)x^2}{xyz}=\frac{2yz}{xyz}+\frac{2zx}{xyz}+\frac{2xy}{xyz}\)
\(\left(-1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)luôn đúng vì a-b+b-c+c-a=0
Vậy suy ra đpcm. BẤM ĐÚNG NHÉ
Câu 1 gần tương tự bài 3.2 sách bài tập toán 8 tập 2 trang 18