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Rule (Quy tắc) | Direct speech (Trực tiếp) | Reported speech (Gián tiếp) |
1. Tenses (Thì) | Present simple (V/Vs/es) | Past simple (Ved) |
Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) | Past progressive (was/were+Ving) | |
Present perfect (have/has+VpII) | Past perfect (had+VPII) | |
Past simple (Ved) | Past perfect (had +VpII) | |
Past progressive (was/were +Ving) | Past progressive/ | |
Past perfect | Past perfect | |
Future simple (will +V) | Future in the past (would +V) | |
Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) | Was/were +going to +V | |
2. Modal verbs | Can | Could |
3. Adverb of place | This | That |
These | Those | |
Here | There | |
4. Adverb of time | Now | Then |
Today | That day | |
Yesterday | The day before/ the previous day | |
The day before yesterday | Two days before | |
Tomorrow | The day after/the next (following) day | |
The day after tomorrow | Two days after/ in two days’ time | |
Ago | Before | |
This week | That week | |
Last week | The week before/ the previous week | |
Last night | The night before | |
Next week | The week after/ the following week | |
5.Subject/Object | I / me | She, he /Her, him |
We /our | They/ them | |
You/you | I, we/ me, us |
hok tốt
Không có từ để hỏi:
- Mrs Yen asked Hoa if she was a student
- She asked her friend if she liked English
- Mrs Yen asked the students whether they had done their homework the day before
- He asked his friend whether he would go to Ha Noi the next day
- My dad asked my brother if he was playing video games then
Có từ để hỏi :
- My friend asked me where I had gone the day before
- My mom asked me what I was doing then
- She asked her friends where they were from
- My mom asked me what I eaten the day before
- She asked her friend where she bought that car
Mệnh lệnh :
- My mom told me to do my homework
- My dad told me to give him a newspaper
- My mom told me not to leave the house
- My mom told me not to go out with my friends tonight
- My teacher told us to do our homework 
II.3 nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:
Đổi ngôi, đổi tân ngữ
Lùi thì
Đổi cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Cụ thể như sau:
Rule (Quy tắc) | Direct speech (Trực tiếp) | Reported speech(Gián tiếp) |
1. Tenses (Thì) | Present simple (V/Vs/es) | Past simple (Ved) |
Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) | Past progressive (was/were+Ving) | |
Present perfect (have/has+VpII) | Past perfect (had+VPII) | |
Past simple (Ved) | Past perfect (had +VpII) | |
Past progressive (was/were +Ving) | Past progressive/ | |
Past perfect | Past perfect | |
Future simple (will +V) | Future in the past (would +V) | |
Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) | Was/were +going to +V | |
2. Modal verbs | Can | Could |
3. Adverb of place | This | That |
These | Those | |
Here | There | |
4. Adverb of time | Now | Then |
Today | That day | |
Yesterday | The day before/ the previous day | |
The day before yesterday | Two days before | |
Tomorrow | The day after/the next (following) day | |
The day after tomorrow | Two days after/ in two days’ time | |
Ago | Before | |
This week | That week | |
Last week | The week before/ the previous week | |
Last night | The night before | |
Next week | The week after/ the following week | |
5.Subject/Object | I / me | She, he /Her, him |
We /our | They/ them | |
You/you | I, we/ me, us |
I. Khái niệm:
Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
Biểu cảm trực tiếp: Khi người viết công khai thổ lộ tình cảm, tư tưởng (yêu, ghét, vui, buồn, phản đối, ngợi ca,...) của mình trước sự vật, sự việc, con người,... khi đó họ đang biểu cảm một cách trực tiếp. Cách biểu cảm này thường xuyên được dùng trong các tác phẩm trữ tình, nhất là thơ.
Biểu cảm gián tiếp: khi miêu tả, thái độ và
1. Nam said he was told to be at school before 7 o'clock
2. Thomas said all the students would have a meeting the following week
3. She said her parents were very proud of her good marks
4. The teacher said all the homework had to be done carefully
5. Her father told her that she could go to the movie with her friend
6. She said she might visit her parents in summer
7. The teacher said they could collect old book for the poor student
8. She said she didn't buy that book
9. The boys said they had to try their best to win the match
10. Her classmate said that Ha was the most intelligent girl in their class
1 She asked him if he liked eating dog meat that day
2 He asked her if she had ever seen a ghost
3 He asked me if I would go to the cinema with a .... that night
4 I asked her how she had gone to school the day before
5 I asked him what he was doing in that exam then
Lời dẫn trực tiếp "Thế là một - hòa nhé!"
Lời dãn gián tiếp "Nhờ cháu góp phần phát hiện một đám mây khô mà ngày ấy...phản lực Mỹ trên cầu Hàm Rồng"
--> Chuyển sang lời đãn trực tiếp: Chú ấy nói: "Nhờ cháu góp phần phát hiện một đám mây khô ... cầu Hàm Rồng"
Lời dẫn trực tiếp: “Thế là một - hoà nhé!
Lời dẫn gián tiếp: nhờ cháu góp phần phát hiện một đám mây khô mà ngày ấy, tháng ấy, quân ta hạ được bao nhiêu phản lực Mĩ trên cầu Hàm Rồng.
Chuyển lời dẫn trực tiếp sang gián tiếp: Chú lái máy bay có nhắc đến bố cháu, ôm cháu mà lắc nói rằn thế là một và hòa nhau.
1 Peter asked me if I had a dictionary
2 Van asked me if I often went to school by bus
3 Mai asked me what time I got up every day
4 He asked me how many cats I had
5 She asked me how far it was from Dien Bien to Ha Noi
6 He asked me if I was going to the supermarket the day after