Cho : \(S_n=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+3\cdot4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\)
CMR \(S_n=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)
Giúp em với ạa
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Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=>2A=\(\dfrac{2}{1.2.3}\)+\(\dfrac{2}{2.3.4}\)+...+\(\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\)\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{n^2+3n}{2\left(n^2+3n+2\right)}\)
=>A=\(\dfrac{n^2+3n}{4n^2+12n+8}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{(k+2)-k}{k(k+1)(k+2)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{k+2}{k(k+1)(k+2)}-\frac{k}{k(k+1)(k+2)}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{k(k+1)}-\frac{1}{(k+1)(k+2)}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2.3.4}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{3.4.5}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}\right)\)
.......
\(\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2(n+1)(n+2)}\)
A = 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)
4A = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.4 + 3.4.5.4 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2).4
4A = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4(5 - 1) + 3.4.5.(6 - 2)+ ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)[(n + 3) - (n - 1)]
4A = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.5 - 1.2.3.4 + 3.4.5.6 - 2.3.4.5 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) - (n-1)n(n+1)(n+2)
4A = n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
A = n(n + 1)(n+2)(n + 3) : 4
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{2}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}-\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{n^2+3n+2-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Câu trả lời ở đây: https://dethihsg.com/de-thi-hoc-sinh-gioi-toan-9-phong-gddt-cam-thuy-2011-2012/amp/
\(S_n=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4.5}+....+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(S_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}-\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}-\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}+....+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\right)\)\(S_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\right)\)
\(S_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{24}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\right)\)
\(S_n=\dfrac{1}{72}-\dfrac{1}{3\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(S_n=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\\ 3S_n=1.2.3+2.3.3+3.4.3+...+n.\left(n+1\right).3\\ 3S_n=1.2.3+2.3.\left(4-1\right)+3.4.\left(5-2\right)+...+n.\left(n+1\right).\left[n+2-\left(n-1\right)\right]\\ 3S_n=1.2.3+2.3.4-1.2.3+3.4.5-2.3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)\\ 3S_n=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\\ S_n=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)